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Respiratory Control Centres
Chemoreceptors and Control of Breathing
Mechanisms of Breathlessness
Mechanisms of Wheezing
Conditions and Responses
100

Which respiratory group controls the basic rhythm of breathing by initiating inspiration?

  • A) Dorsal Respiratory Group
  • B) Ventral Respiratory Group
  • C) Pneumotaxic Centre
  • D) Apneustic Centre

A) Dorsal Respiratory Group

100

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?

  • A) Carotid and aortic bodies
  • B) Medulla
  • C) Lungs
  • D) Pons

A) Carotid and aortic bodies

100

Which of the following is a common symptom associated with difficulty breathing?

  • A) Wheezing
  • B) Skin rash
  • C) Joint pain
  • D) Headache

Wheezing

100

What commonly causes wheezing in asthma patients?

  • A) Fluid in the lungs
  • B) Narrowing of the airways due to muscle constriction
  • C) High blood pressure
  • D) Low oxygen levels

 Narrowing of the airways due to muscle constriction

100

What does the term "hypoxia" refer to?

Low oxygen in tissues

200

Which centre limits the duration of inspiration to regulate breathing rate and depth?


Pneumotaxic Centre

200

Central chemoreceptors in the medulla are most sensitive to which change in blood chemistry?

High carbon dioxide

200

In conditions like COPD, which type of problem leads to breathlessness?

  • A) Airway enlargement
  • B) Airway obstruction
  • C) Increased oxygen levels
  • D) Excessive blood flow

B) Airway obstruction

200

Wheezing is often caused by which type of flow through the airways?

  • A) Laminar flow
  • B) Turbulent flow
  • C) Decreased flow
  • D) Rapid flow
200

In response to hypercapnia (high CO₂), which of the following typically happens?

  • A) Decreased breathing rate
  • B) Increased blood sugar
  • C) Increased breathing rate
  • D) Decreased oxygen uptake

Increased breathing rate

300

The Apneustic Centre is located in which part of the Brain and is responsible for what function?


  • A) Upper pons; limiting inspiration
  • B) Lower pons; prolonging inspiration
  • C) Medulla; initiating expiration
  • D) Upper medulla; controlling respiratory rhythm
300

What percentage of the ventilatory response to increased CO₂ is provided by central chemoreceptors?

80%

300

Which receptor type is activated when the respiratory system cannot meet oxygen demand, leading to the sensation of breathlessness?

A) Baroreceptors

B) Mechanoreceptors

C) Chemoreceptors 

D) Thermoreceptors