The Ballad Revival
Three major ballad meters
What is Common, Long, and Short ballad meter,
Great clergyman satirist and author, Wrote "A Modest Proposal" and Unexpected champion of Irish resistance
Who is Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
1838
“Peoples Charter: issued by the Chartist Movement, fighting for the rights of working class people
1833
What is the abolition of slavery in the British Empire
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and
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what is an iambic tetrameter couplet
and
what is an iambic pentameter (“heroic”) couplet
I love the jocund dance,
The softly breathing song,
Where innocent eyes do glance,
And where lisps the maiden’s tongue
The Only News I know
Is Bulletins all Day
From Immortality
What is short meter
1757-1827; idiosyncratic visionary, LONG PROPHETIC POEMS (Songs of innocence and experience)
William Blake
1840s-50s: political novel that exposes the social conditions of industrialization and the working class.
Authors of the Era: Elizabeth Gaskell, North and South (1855), Mary Barton; Charles Dickens, Hard Times (1854)
Social Problem Novel, aka “Condition of England" Novel
1859
What is Charles Darwin published The Origins of Species
Occurs when the sentence/syntactic unit runs over the end of the verse line
What is Enjambment
Amazing grace! How sweet the sound
That saved a wretch like me.
I once was lost, but now am found,
Was blind, but now I see
I wanna be the very best,
That no one ever was,
To catch them is my real quest,
To train them is my cause
Second class citizen, marginalized Catholic in Protestent England, Formed the “Scriblerus Club"
Who is Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
(high point 1860s-70s) novels that strive to represent an accurate portrayal of real life. Attempts to represent complex characters with mixed motives, making difficult moral choices in very ordinary settings. Third person narrator.
Authors: George Eliot, Middlemarch (1871-1872); Anthony Trollope, Chronicles of Barsetshire (1855-1867)
What is High Realism
(throughout period): unrealistic novels of intrigue and suspense, usually addressing shocking subject matter like murder, adultery, and family secrets (can include detective fiction)
Authors: Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights (1847); Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White (1868); Bram Stoker, Dracula (1897)
What is Gothic and Sensation Fiction
Nice to meet you, where you been?
I could show you incredible things
Magic, madness, heaven, sin
Saw you there and I thought
“Oh, my God, look at that face
You look like my next mistake”
What are Trochees
All people that on Earth do dwell,
Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice;
Him serve with fear, his praise forthtell;
Come ye before him and rejoice
I kissed a girl and I liked it,
The taste of her cherry chapstick
I kissed a girl just to try it,
I hope my boyfriend don’t mind it
Figures such as Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, and Laurence Sterne were all
What are Whigs
Most prominent female poet of the age. Prolific author of social protest poetry, love sonnets, and Aurora Leigh (1857), a long verse novel about the growth of a woman poet. Social protest poetry.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861)
Popularizer of Darwinian science, supported education for women and Victorian Sage
Who is Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895)
The sun came up upon the left,
Out of the sea came he!
And he shone bright, and on the right
Went down into the sea
What are Internal rhymes that occur within poetic lines
John Keats, “La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad” (1820)
What is, ballad meter of alternating lines of iambic tetrameter and trimeter (with some irregularities), rhyming ABCB
1792-1822; Radical author of classical lyric poems + ecstatic manifestos (e.g. a defence of poetry)
Whos is Percy Bysshe Shelley
Industrial city of Manchester = filthy, hellish, slums and London made possible by “human suffering" and Marxist conception of history as “social conflict” and “class warfare”
Fredrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class (1845)
Strived for more naturalistic /photographic detail
Drew from medieval or sacred subjects
Had a purpose of sympathizing with serious previous art
What is Pre-Raphaelitism
repetition of a sequence of consonants
AND
repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds
What is Consonance
AND what is Assonance