William the Conqueror
Who were the 3 men whom claimed the Throne of England when Edward the Confessor died in January 1066
William of Normandy
Harold Hardrata
Harold Goodwinson
What was the name of the system that William used to control England after the being crowned King of English
Feudal System
Who was actually crowned king when Henry I died in 1135
Henry's nephew, Stephen
What did Richard the Lionheart do very shortly after being crowned King
Left on the 3rd Crusade
Who became king when John died in 1216
His 9 year old son, Henry
Give 1 reason John inherited a weakened monarchy?
a) No money left
b) Powerful Church
c) Disobidient barons
(Richard only spent six months of his 10-year reign in England. The rest of the time the kingdom was ruled by officials, so the barons got used to doing as they pleased)
Who actually wrote Magna Carta
Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury
Who led the first, unsuccessful invasion of England in 54 B.C.
Julius Ceasar
Why did William of Normandy claim the English throne in 1066
Edward the Confessor had named him his heir and Harold Goodwinson had promised him that he would not claim the throne.
What did barons have to promise the William in exchange for their lands and estates
Pledge of loyalty and military support
How did Matilda get her revenge on Stephen for his stealing the throne from her
Stephan had to name her son, Henry, his heir to end the civil war
What happened to Richard the Lionheart on his way back to England from the Third Crusade
He was captured by Leopold of Austria and held for ransom
Who ruled England as regent for Henry III
William the Marshall
Give 1 reason why was there no money left in the treasury when John became king?
His brother Richard had spent the money in the royal treasury to pay for:
a) his Crusades
b) his ransom when he was captured
What does the first paragraph of Magna Carta do?
Separation of Church and State
This King was known as the Great for uniting the Anglo Saxons to defeat the Vikings
Alfred
When and where did Harold Goodwinson's forces defeat the army of Harold Hardrata
Battle of Stamford Bridge
September 25 1066
What was the name of the book which William the Conqueror had made listing all property and lands owned by the english people
The Doomsday Book
Who died Henry II marry
Eleanor of Aquitane
What was the reason for the fight between John and Pope Innocent that led to John being excommunicated
Who would be the new Arch Bishop of Canterbury
What Frenchmen was responsible calling the first assembly, which would become Parliament.
Simon du Montfort
Give one way John tried to strengthen the monarchy?
a) He collected a new land tax from the knights and the barons. He modernised the government and kept good records.
b) He tried to control the Church and force them to accept his candidate for Archbishop of Canterbury.
c) He increased his control over Ireland and Wales, and built up his forces in northern England. The King of Scotland signed a peace treaty with John.
What does "The Rule of Law" mean
That no man, not a King, a President or a Prime Minister is above the law.
This English city was a prominent Viking settlement in the 8th and 9th centuries
York
When and where did William's forces meet and defeat the forces of Harold Goodwinson
Battle of Hastings
October 14, 1066
Which son of William the Conqueror never became King of England
Richard
This son of Henry II rebelled against his father and became King in 1189
Richard the Lionheart
What does the First clause of the magna carta call for.
The king to stay out of church affairs
Whose army defeated the forces of Simon du Montfort at the Battle of Lewes in 1264
Edward I, son of Henry III
Name one group John angered, and why they were angry with John?
a) Barons and knights would have been angry at having to pay taxes for wars John lost.
b) The Church didn't want to be told what to do. As a result, Pope Innocent stopped English priests from holding religious services, known as 'the Interdict', and excommunicated King John between 1209 and 1213.
c) Both officials and barons would have resented King John taking away their power. Everybody saw it as an attack on their freedom.
d) The Irish, Welsh and Scots all hated the power John had in their countries.
Clause 12 “No 'scutage' or 'aid' may be levied in our kingdom without its general consent, unless it is for the ransom of our person, to make our eldest son a knight, and (once) to marry our eldest daughter. For these purposes only a reasonable 'aid' may be levied. 'Aids' from the city of London are to be treated similarly.“
What phrase associated with the American Revolution comes from Clause 12
No taxation without representation
The area of England controlled by the Vikings after the settlement with Alfred the Great was known as
The Danelaw
What tactic did William successfully employ at the Battle of Hasting to defeat the forces of Harold Goodwinson
Fake retreats
Who claimed the throne of England when Henry I died in 1135
His daughter, Matilda
The death of this ArchBishop was blamed on Henry II
Thomas Beckett
What did the barons of England do in 1215 after John refused to honor the Magna Carta
They invited Louis, the son of the king of France, to invade and become King
What did Parliament do in 1275 do give Edward I the financial ability to wage military campaigns in Wales and Scotland
Granted the king the right to tax the wool trade with Flanders
What was one way John angered the barons?
a) he had placed England under huge financial strain to reclaim Normandy
b) he had lost the war and wasted lots of money
c) he had increased the inheritage tax
d) he charged nobel widows large sums of money for the right not be married again
e) he increased the scutage/ shield tax
(Scutage had been raise 11 times during his 16 year reign, as opposed to 3 times in Richard's reign)
Give one reason why Clause 61 was so important
Created a council of 25 to make sure the King obeyed the promises of Magna Carta
First example of a legislature/parliament in England
This Roman Emperor oversaw the successful conquest of Britain in 43 A.D.
Claudius