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Krashen's hypothesis on second language acquisition
he claims that learners with high motivation, self-confidence, a good self-image, a low level of anxiety and extroversion are better equipped for success in second language acquisition
Strategic competence
it is the ability to recognise and repair communication breakdowns before, during, or after they occur
Discourse competence
it is the knowledge of how to produce and comprehend oral or written texts in the modes of speaking/writing and listening/reading respectively
Multiple Intelligences
Logical/Mathematical, Linguistic, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Naturalist, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal
Sociolinguistic competence
it is the knowledge of sociocultural rules of use (knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately)
The 5 hypotheses of Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition
Communicative competence
it is the intuitive functional knowledge and control of the principles of language usage
The grammar translation method
In grammar-translation classes, students learn grammatical rules and then apply those rules by translating sentences between the target language and the native language.
Suggestopedia
learning which is facilitated in a pleasant, comfortable environment
Total Physical Response
it is a method of teaching language or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input
Input hypothesis
how the learner acquires a second language – how second language acquisition takes place
Direct method
This method is directly establishing an immediate and audio visual association between for example idioms and meanings through the teachers' body and mental skills, without any help of the learners' mother tongue
Affective Filter hypothesis
facilitative role in second language acquisition (motivation, self-confidence, anxiety and personality traits)
Linguistic competence
it is the knowledge of the language code (its grammar and vocabulary, and also of the conventions of its written representation)
Community language learning
it is a language-teaching approach in which students work together to develop what aspects of a language they would like to learn
Blended learning
It is a method of teaching that integrates technology and digital media with traditional instructor-led classroom activities, giving students more flexibility to customize their learning experiences.
The behaviourist approach
they consider learning a language as a set of mechanical habits which are formed through a process of imitation and repetition. Humans learn a language through repeating the same form and text until it becomes a habit
Silent Way
it views learning as a problemsolving, creative, discovering activity, in which the learner is a principal actor not just a listener
Natural Order hypothesis
it is based on research findings, claims that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a 'natural order' which is predictable
Flipped learning
It is a pedagogical approach in which direct instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space, and the resulting group pace is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment.