First Aid Basics
What are the 3 goals of First Aid?
Preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery
What is the compression-to-breath ratio for 1 rescuer?
30 compressions : 2 breaths
What does FAST stand for in a stroke emergency?
Face, Arms, Speech, Time
What’s the first thing you do for a heat emergency?
Move to a cool place
What do the letters ABC stand for?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What law protects volunteers who give first aid in good faith?
The Good Samaritan Act
How many chest compressions should you do per minute?
100–120 per minute
What are 5 “rights” of helping with medication?
Right person, right medication, right route, right time, right dose
What’s the main sign of frostbite?
White, waxy, or numb skin
What is the first question you ask when arriving at an emergency scene?
Is it safe to help?
What are the 3 things a first aider must always do before helping?
Identify yourself, get consent, use reasonable care
Where do you place your hands for adult CPR? (Tell or Show me)
Centre of the chest, at the nipple line
What should you do if someone is having a seizure?
Protect from injury, don’t restrain, don’t put anything in their mouth, monitor ABCs
What does RICE stand for when treating sprains?
Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate
What is the purpose of the secondary assessment?
To find other injuries or illnesses
When can you stop giving first aid?
When someone else takes over, you’re too tired, the scene is unsafe, or EMS arrives
What does AED and CPR stand for?
Automated External Defibrillator and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What’s the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
attack and cardiac arrest?Heart attack = blocked blood flow; cardiac arrest = heart stops
What’s the best way to treat a liquid chemical burn?
Flush with cool water, remove contaminated clothing, call EMS
What information do you collect in a victim history?
ASAMPLE: Are you here with anyone, Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events prior
Name the 3 steps of the Rescue Process.
Recognize, Assess, Act
What is one of the two shockable rhythms an AED can detect?
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach)
What is the treatment for severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)?
Call EMS, help use EpiPen, monitor vitals, treat for shock
Name two environmental emergencies caused by cold.
Hypothermia and frostbite (or trench foot, snow blindness)
What are 3 ways bystanders can help during an emergency?
Call EMS, get a first aid kit, control crowd, comfort victim, etc.