First Aid
Name at least 4 things you should have in your personal first aid kit.
Bandages, gauze pads, adhesive tape, moleskin, soap or hand sanitizing gel or alcohol wipes, scissors, tweezers, latex-free gloves, CPR mouth-barrier device, pencil & paper.
What are 4 things you look for when doing a "quick assessment" of an injured person?
1. Is he breathing? 2. Is his heart breathing? 3. Is there severe bleeding? 4. Is there evidence of poisoning? 5. Is his spine (neck or back) injured?
| A mammal (dog, squirrel, cat) just bit you. The wound doesn't look bad or hurt much. Do you need to seek medical attention or just clean it and treat it like a cut or scrape? |
| It is best to have a medical person look at it right away! A mammal is a warm-blooded animal that can carry rabies! This wound contains saliva that may be dangerous. You may not be able to clean the puncture well enough with first aid materials to prevent infection, and you may also need a tetanus shot and/or rabies shots. |
What is a closed fracture (also known as a "simple fracture")?
A broken bone that does not cut through the skin.
What is dehydration?
When a person gives off (through breathing, sweating, urination, digestion) more water than he takes in, he is suffering from dehydration.
You've called 911 and help is on the way. Should you ever move an accident victim with serious injuries before help arrives?
Yes, if the victim is in immediate danger and you can SAFELY do so: for example, pull out of a river or remove from the path of traffic or away from a fire.
What is the first step in First Aid for stopped breathing?
Check the airway. Try to open the airway. Place victim on back and clear tongue from airway by pressing on forehead and lifting chin to tilt head back. Check mouth for gum, food, or other obstructions. Remove any obstructions by sweeping them out with your index finger if safe to do so.
Explain how to remove a fish hook from skin. Either when barb still within the skin or with the barb poked all the way through.
Tie fishing line to the bottom of "J". Push down on the loop (eye) part of the hook so it touches the skin. With a sudden, strong yank on the fishing line, pull both up and away from the hook-eye. The hook should come out the way it went in, and because it will curve out the same way it went in the barb should not catch. If barb has exited through the skin, then cut off the barb and reverse it out the way it went in.
Look for possible signs of a bone fracture using the letters D-O-T S.
What four words do these letters stand for?
Deformity, Open Wounds, Tenderness, Swelling
Is the color of a person's urine (pee) a good indicator of that person's level of hydration?
Yes. Dark colored urine can be used as an indicator to drink more fluids.
Should you perform the "Heimlich Maneuver" on a choking victim who is coughing?
No. The Heimlich Maneuver (abdomenal thrusts) should only be performed on victims who cannot speak, cough, or breathe.
What is a Hurry Case? Name four Hurry Cases.
Hurry cases are conditions that threaten a victim's life.
1. stopped breathing 2. no heartbeat 3. severe bleeding 4. ingested poison 5. signs of stroke 6. anaphylactic shock (severe allergic reaction) 7. thigh bone (femur) fracture
| Splinters, slivers, cactus spines, or thorns can be removed from skin with a metal pin, needle, blade, or tweezers. What should you do with these metal tools before using them to remove a foreign object? |
| Disinfect metal tools by wiping them with rubbing alcohol, or by cleaning and sterilizing them using a flame, or by submerging them into boiling water. Wipe the disinfected tools with a clean cloth or paper towel. |
When a joint twists too far for comfort, but not far enough to break, it will likely result in a sprain or strain. A strain is a stretched muscle while a sprain is a stretched ligament. If you sprain your ankle in the wilderness and you need to keep walking, what should you do?
Wrap it up along with your shoe to provide support. Use a bandage, handkerchief, or any other type of cloth strip.
What is a sure sign that someone is suffering from frozen skin?
(also known as moderate to severe frostbite)
The appearance of grayish-white patches on the skin are signs that ice crystals are starting to form within the skin.
What is the one thing you should treat every accident victim for?
Shock
What is the best way to try to stop severe bleeding?
Apply direct pressure to the wound.
Some people experience extremely bad or violent reactions and can die from having over-sensitivity to the toxins from stings and bites that most people find mild or non-problematic. Many of these people carry a chemical shot with them at all times to inject when needed to help them avoid an anaphylactic shock reaction. What is the name of this item?
epinephrine or epi-pen.
What are 3 steps of first aid to treat broken bones?
1. Check & treat for "Hurry Cases" 2. Treat for shock. 3. Have the victim lie still where you found him and help make him as comfortable as possible. 4. Call for medical help. 5. If you absolutely must move the victim, try to splint the broken bone.
Name 3 steps to treating heatstroke.
1. Move victim to cool, shady spot. 2. Cool any way you can: remove outher clothing & sponge w/cool water; cover w/wet towels; place in cool water; fan; etc. 3. Keep victim lying down w/head & shoulders slightly raised. 4. Monitor victim closely. 5. Get emergency help right away.
When you notice an emergency, and you can be of help, you should follow the "First Aid Method". Name 4 steps.
1. Check the Scene
2. Call for Help
3. Approach Safely
4. Provide Urgent Treatment
5. Prevent further injury
6. Treat for Shock
7. Make a more thorough examination
8. Plan a course of action
There are 5 signs of possible heart attack - name 4 of them.
1. Victim complains about uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. The feeling may spread to the shoulders, arms, and neck. It isn't always severe. 2. Unusual sweating - for instance, even when a room is cool. 3. Nausea - usually the first sign for women! 4. Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. 5. A feeling of weakness, or fainting.
| Deep puncture wounds pose a high risk of infection because dirt, particles, and bacteria enter deep into body issue. If a pointy object punctures deeply into a hand or foot name 3 things to do. |
1. Wash your hands. This helps prevent infection. 2. In the case of a puncture, you should remove the item (splinter, thorn, nail, etc.). 3. Stop the bleeding by applying gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth. 4. Clean the wound: Rinse the wound with clear water for 5 to 10 minutes and apply an antibiotic. 5. Cover the wound and change the dressing if it becomes saturated. 6. Watch for signs of infection.
Why are thigh bone (femur) fractures especially dangerous?
A thigh fracture can pose a serious threat to the victim's life. Upper leg muscles are strong enough to pull the ends of a broken thighbone into the flesh which can cause serious internal bleeding. The "femural artery" can also be nicked by a moving broken bone. The patient should not be moved until a traction splint has been applied by trained personnel.
Name 5 symptoms of Heat Exhaustion.
1. Pale, clammy skin 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue
4. Dizziness/fainting 5. Headache 6. Muscle cramps 7. Weakness