Mendelian Inheritence and Meiosis (14)
a visusal representation of a complete set of chromosomes of an organism, used to examine the number, size, shape, and structure of chromosomes.
karyotype
small, circular RNA molecules that infect plants
viroids
who can evolve?
specific courtship rituals that only attract certain kinds of mates, even between closely related species
behavioral isolation
a hybrid being sterile
hybrid sterility
these kinds of cells undergo meiosis
germ cells
this part of a virus protects the genome and determines the virus's shape
capsid
what was the gist of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
advantageous traits become more common in populations because they increase survival and reproduction
hybrid offspring being fertile but weak or sterile is an example of
hybrid breakdown
sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another species
gametic isolation
the point on a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined
centromere
viruses can be treated with
antiviral drugs, vaccines, but not antibiotics
this type of selection favors one extreme phenotype
directional selection
a process where biological populations become isolated and eventually evolve into new species
allopatric speciation
when selection favors the average phenotype, reducing variation
stabilizing selection
this kind of individual has two copies of each allele for a given gene
a diploid organism
an enzyme used by retroviruses (HIV) to convert their RNA genome into DNA
reverse transcriptase
a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
a species (biological species concept)
strong natural selection occurring without geographic separation
sympatric speciation
movement of alleles between populations (such as migration)
one gene overrides or alters the expression of another gene leading to specific phenotypic outcomes. what is this an example of?
epistasis
a virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
different mating times is an example of
Temporal isolation
lice and their mammal hosts often undergo ___ when the lice species evolve in parallel with their host's evolutionary history
co-speciation
random changes in allele frequencies, significant in small populations
genetic drift