Functions of Behavior
The behavior occurs essentially because the person enjoys the way it feels on the inside of their own body
What is automatic
The presentation of a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future.
Hint: Does not mean good, it just means you are ADDING a stimulus
What is positive reinforcement
A cue given to help the learner complete a task or increase accurate responding
What is a prompt
How long the behavior occurs
What is duration
Presenting a task to measure the skill level or responding
What is a probe
Placing an individual in a different, less-reinforcing environment whenever they engage in inappropriate behavior
What is time out
Anything that DECREASES the possibility of a behavior occurring in the future
What is punishment
When a person labels an item that they hear, see, smell, or taste
What is tacting
When a person leaves a designated area without permission
What is bolting
Repetitive movements that can be vocal or motoric
What is stimming (AKA stereotypical behaviors)
The behavior occurs because the person is attempting to get away from the situation
What is escape
The removal or avoidance of a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future.
Hint: Does not mean bad, just means you are REMOVING or AVOIDING a sitmulus.
What is negative reinforcement
What is the prompting hierarchy?
What is:
Verbal Prompt
Visual Prompt
Modeling Prompt
Partial Physical Prompt
Full Physical Prompt
How many times the behavior occurs
What is frequency
A measurement of behavior taken before intervention is started. Allows therapists to compare behavior and assess progress
What is baseline
Physically holding or securing an individual. ONLY used when an individual is attempting to harm themselves or another person.
What is restraint
When someone has limited or no access to a reinforcer, the reinforcer will become more powerful
What is deprivation
A task that requires a non-vocal action or motor response such as touch, give, or point
What is receptive identification (REC ID)
Defined for each specific person. Can include yelling, crying, screaming, flopping to floor, etc.
What is a tantrum
The increase in frequency and/or intensity of a behavior in the early stages of extinction
What is extinction burst
The behavior occurs because the person desires access to a specific item or activity
What is access to tangibles
Reinforcing appropriate/desired behaviors and not providing reinforcement for incorrect/undesired behaviors
What is differential reinforcement
Beginning with the least invasive prompt and moving forward as necessary to promote the desired response
What is Least-to-Most Prompting
How many times the behavior occurs during a set period of time
What is rate
The ability of a child to demonstrate previously acquired skills over time and over durations when reinforcement is thinned (reduced)
What is maintenance
Learning occurs incidentally and often playfully in natural environments
When a reinforcer loses it's effectiveness due to overuse or continuous access
What is satiation
The ability to request something that one wants or needs via gestures, PECS, or vocally
What is manding
Actions that result in the physical injury to one's own body
What is SIB (Self-Injurious Behavior)
When a learner engages in a vocal stim where they repeat words or phrases
What is scripting
The behavior occurs because the person desires access to attention (good or bad) from others
What is attention
Reinforcement is provided for ANY behavior OTHER than the problem behavior
What is DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior)
Beginning with the most invasive prompt and progressing towards the least invasive prompt to promote the desired response
What is Most-to-Least Prompting
What is partial interval
Any person, thing, or event that can signal a behavior to occur
What is a stimulus
A task is isolated, rapidly presented, and taught to an individual across multiple trials
What is Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
Withholding reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior, resulting in the reduction of that behavior
What is extinction
Building blocks to conversation skills. The ability to discuss, describe, or answer a question about something that is NOT physically present
What is intraverbal
Verbal or physical refusal to engage in or complete a task
What is noncompliance
The way a behavior LOOKS
What is topography
We assess functions of behavior using ABC data. What does ABC stand for?
What is Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
Reinforcement is provided for an appropriate behavior that replaces the undesired behavior and meets the same need the problem behavior does
What is DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior)
A physical prompt where you place your hands over the learner's hands to get them to comply with a motor demand or instruction
What is Hand-over-Hand Prompting
If the behavior occurs during the ENTIRE set interval of time
What is whole interval
Assessment used to identify what items or activities are reinforcing for a specific individual
What is a preference assessment
Performing a behavior for an individual so they can see the desired behavior and perform the behavior exactly as you just did
What is modeling
Communication system for functionally-nonverbal individuals. Requests are made by tapping, pointing to, or handing a picture of the desired item to another person.
What is PECS (Picture Exchange Communication System)
Imitating a specific noise upon request
What is echoic
Verbal refusal to engage in a task, arguing, etc.
What is verbal protest
Activities that require coordination and movement of smaller muscles of the body, especially the hands and fingers is known as ________________________.
While activities that require the use of larger muscle groups are known as __________________.
What are fine motor skills and gross motor skills
DAILY DOUBLE:
Data taken first hand by therapists (includes +, -, and P) is known as _________, while additional data collected to further explain the data point (written as a fraction) is known as ____________________.
Inappropriate behavior is replaced with a more acceptable behavior that cannot occur at the same time as the inappropriate behavior
What is DRI (Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior)
An individual becomes reliant on being assisted with a task and stops attempting to do the task independently
What is prompt dependent
If the behavior occurs at the very end of the set interval of time
What is momentary time sampling
Providing an individual with specific reinforcers over and over to identify which items are MOST reinforcing
What is forced choice reinforcer assessment
Used to teach skills with multiple steps. Each step is taught individually and "linked" together to make a "chain"
What is chaining
What is High-P Request Sequence
The ability to learn a skill in one situation and be able to apply it flexibly to other similar but different situations
What is generalization
Placing non-food or non-edible items in one's mouth
What is PICA
Reinforcing approximations to a desired behavior until the correct behavior is emitted
What is shaping