morton plant
Tobacco use
Diabetes
HTN
High cholesterol
Age over 60
what are risk factors of peripheral artery disease?
smoking, hormone replacement therapy, prolonged sitting, signs/symptoms of PE
what are risk factors for VTE?
heparins (long-term side effects is osteoporosis), lovenox (more predictable)
what are thrombin inhibitors?
thrombus in deep vein, most often the iliac and/or femoral veins
what is deep vein thrombosis?
multiple arterial occlusions
what is advanced PAD?
involves formation of thrombus (blood clot) with vein inflammation
what is venous thrombosis?
acute inflammation of the walls of the small cannulated veins of the hand and arm
what is phlebitis?
formation of thrombus in the superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein
what is superficial venous thrombosis?
sudden interruption in the arterial blood supply to a tissue, organ, or extremity that if left untreated, can result in tissue death
what is acute arterial ischemia?
any positive value indicates damage to cardiac tissue and should be reported.
what is troponin I or T?
occurs with exercise or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
what is stable (exertional) angina?
numbness or tingling in toes and feet may result from nerve tissue ischemia.
most common in pts with HF, atrial fibrillation, obesity, pregnancy, traveling on long trips without exercise, prolonged surgical procedures, long periods of immobility
What is venous stasis?
occurs with exercise or at rest, but increases in occurrence, severity, and duration over time
what is unstable (preinfarction) angina?
produce rapid anticoagulation (edoxaban, arixtra, Xarelto, apaxiban)
What is factor Xa inhibitors?
pain, acing, fatigue, heaviness, sensation of swelling, cramps, pruritis, tingling, paresthesia, bursting pain with exercise, and venous claudication
What is post-thrombotic syndrome?
what is a coronary angiogram (cardiac catheterization)?
removal of clot through vein incision
what is a venous thrombectomy?
within 24 hours, leukocytes infiltrate the area of cell death; enzymes released
what is the inflammatory process?
is due to a coronary artery spasm, often occurring during periods of rest
what is variant (prinzmetal's) angina?
earliest marker of injury to cardiac or skeletal muscle. levels no longer evident after 24 hr.
what is myoglobin?
10-14 day after MI scar tissue is weak, heart muscle vulnerable to stress, monitor patient carefully as activity level is increases
what is the MI healing process?
Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis – late symptom (including foot drop), Poikilothermia (adaptation of the limb to environmental temperature, most often cool)
What are the clinical manifestations of acute arterial ischemic disorder?
shortness of breath and chest pain an indicate that the embolus has moved to the lungs
what is pulmonary embolism
anemias, polycythemias, cancers, nephrotic syndrome, high homocysteine levels, protein/antithrombin deficiencies
What is hypercoagulability of the blood?