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100
An employee’s perception of the extent to which his/her effort will result in a given level of his/her performance is known as: A) valence. B) expectancy. C) instrumentality. D) equity. E) inequity.
B) expectancy.
100
The tendency of group members to exert less effort when they work in groups than they would exert if they were acting alone is known as: A) social facilitation. B) self-serving bias. C) groupthink. D) social loafing. E) fundamental attribution error
E) fundamental attribution error
100
An employee controls his own behavior without the need for outside control of that behavior by his manager. This is an example of: A) vicarious learning. B) self-efficacy. C) self-reinforcement. D) observational learning. E) self-determinants.
C) self-reinforcement.
100
A manager redesigns the job of a subordinate so that the subordinate has more responsibility over his/her job. Which of the following best describes this process? A) Job enlargement B) Job simplification C) Job enrichment D) Job reduction E) Task identity
C) Job enrichment
100
Dorothy, who runs her own small business, treats all her employees, customers, and suppliers fairly, regardless of their age, gender, or ethnicity. Which of the following roles is Dorothy performing? A) Decision-maker B) Liaison C) Leader D) Figurehead E) Negotiator
C) Leader
200
C) Self-respect
Which of the following is an example of a terminal value? A) Self-reliant B) Self-sufficient C) Self-respect D) Self-controlled E) Self-disciplined
200
The tendency of group members to exert less effort when they work in groups than they would exert if they were acting alone is known as: A) social facilitation. B) self-serving bias. C) groupthink. D) social loafing. E) fundamental attribution error
D) social loafing.
200
Which of the following is the least complex global operation? A) Joint venture B) Exporting C) Licensing D) Franchising E) Strategic alliance
B) Exporting
200
A manager who takes “ownership” of a project and provides the leadership and vision that take a commodity from the idea stage to the final customer is a product: A) innovator. B) advocate. C) champion. D) satisficer. E) steward.
C) champion.
200
Which of the following refers to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions? A) Glass labyrinth B) Flight ceiling C) Glass cliff D) Glass ceiling E) Glass wall
D) Glass ceiling
300
Compared to men, women tend to: A) be less considerate. B) be less engaged in initiating structure. C) be more participative. D) make more decisions on their own. E) punish subordinates more harshly.
C) be more participative.
300
An organization’s major customer puts pressure on the organization to reduce prices of its products. This is an example of the organization’s _____ environment. A) demographic B) task C) political D) legal E) sociocultural
B) task
300
In management by objectives (MBO), which of the following is established first? A) Evaluations B) Organizational objectives C) Managers’ goals D) Subordinates’ goals E) Performance appraisals
B) Organizational objectives
300
_____ is dissimilarities among people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, education, experience, physical appearance, capabilities/disabilities, and any other characteristic that is used to distinguish between people. A) Flexibility B) Solidarity C) Universality D) Abstrusity E) Diversity
E) Diversity
400
After one person shares an idea, the next thing that should happen in a brainstorming session is: A) criticism of the idea. B) debate about the idea. C) acceptance and implementation of the idea. D) the decision regarding that idea. E) the sharing of other ideas.
E) the sharing of other ideas.
400
The main reason for the loss of productivity in brainstorming is: A) complex mental models. B) groupthink. C) production blocking. D) bounded rationality. E) devil’s advocacy.
E) devil’s advocacy.
400
In a meeting after hearing a member describe a problem to be addressed, all other members of the group first wrote down ideas and solutions. After this, everyone shared those suggestions without criticism. The group, one by one, clarified, critiqued, and then discussed the alternatives in the sequence in which they were first proposed. Finally, each member ranked all the alternatives, and the highest-ranking alternative was chosen. Which of the following decision-making techniques is being implemented? A) Delphi technique B) Dialectical inquiry C) Brainstorming D) Nominal group technique E) Intuitive decision making
D) Nominal group technique
400
A top manager giving a speech to employees about the importance of diversity is acting as a(n): A) figurehead. B) leader. C) liaison. D) entrepreneur. E) negotiator.
A) figurehead.
400
According to Fiedler’s model, when a situation is very unfavorable for a leader, he/she will be more effective if he/she is: A) task-oriented. B) relationship-oriented. C) participative. D) autocratic. E) balanced between task- and relationship-orientation.
A) task-oriented
500
Which of the following theories states that outcomes such as pay should be distributed in proportion to inputs? A) Expectancy theory B) Need theories C) Goal-setting theory D) Equity theory E) Learning theories
D) Equity theory
500
According to the goal-setting theory, the most motivating goals are: A) specific and easy. B) general and easy. C) specific and difficult. D) general and difficult.
C) specific and difficult.
500
William, a manager at Space Solutions Ltd., makes sure the outcomes that are offered to subordinates for their good performance are rewards that they will value. William is working on: A) valence. B) instrumentality. C) expectancy. D) self-actualization. E) affiliation.
A) valence.
500
The degree to which a manager feels that his/her job is “meaningful” because of the way in which the job affects other people is known as: A) skill variety. B) feedback. C) autonomy. D) task significance. E) task identity.
D) task significance.
500
Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? A) Safety B) Belongingness C) Physiological D) Esteem E) Self-actualization
C) Physiological