HISTORICAL TRANSITION AND GLOBAL EVOLUTION
What 1950 document proposed integrating the coal and steel industries of Western Europe?
The Schuman Plan
To avoid the specter of war the document said that “the States of Europe must form a federation or a ‘European entity,’ which will make them a single economic entity.”
According to Ernest Haas, what is “the process whereby political actors in several distinct national settings are persuaded to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities toward a new center, whose institutions possess or demand jurisdiction over pre-existing national states. The end result of [this] process … is a new political community, superimposed over the preexisting ones.”
Political integration
What is the name the UN General Assembly resolution that created a partition plan for the Israelis and Palestinians after WWII?
1947 UN GA Resolution 181 the Partition Plan which suggests dividing the territory into two states
56% of the land controlled by the Jews
43% of the land controlled by Palestinians
The contentious city of Jerusalem would be under an international administration.
What action did the US take in March 1996 when China engaged in provocative missile tests near Taiwan’s coast?
- U.S. Secretary of Defense William Perry responds publicly by saying that the U.S. has “more than enough military capability to protect its vital national security interests in the region and is prepared to demonstrate that.”
- The U.S. sends two carrier battle groups to the area.
What is the real-world example that George Bisharat uses as a model for a one state solution for the Israelis and Palestinians?
What is the principle that says that a distinct population ought to rule over itself within a particular territory and be able to advance its interests?
Nationalism
Name at least three cases of partial independence.
Scotland, Pre-2020 Hong Kong, Catalonia, Puerto Rico, Greenland, Mindanao, Iraqi Kurdistan, Bermuda, historic Canada, and many others!
What are the three defining elements of terrorism (from Walter Laqueur) that we discussed in class.
Terrorism constitutes the (1) illegitimate use of force to achieve a (2) political objective by targeting (3) innocent people.
What European Treaty pooled labor, services, and goods and created a single Market?
What is the view that sees rationally behaving states, which are mostly impelled by domestic economic interests, as the primary driver of integration?
Intergovernmentalism
At what historic meeting did the countries of the world define a state as consisting of a people, a territory, a government in control of a people and territory, and an entity with foreign affairs capability (including the ability to engage in war within the confines of international law)?
1933 Montevideo Conference
According to Harry Harding what are the main US foreign policy strategies that can apply to its relationship with China?
- Strike a deal
- Stay the course
- Toughen up
In what 1972 agreement did the US sever state-to-state ties with Taiwan declaring that “all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China”?
The Shanghai Communique
What is the neo-functionalist process of spillover?
- Increased functional pressures for integration (like filling an ice cube tray)
- Internal spillover within the region
- External spillover outside of the region (attracting new members)
Name at least three of the advantages of European integration mentioned by Gary Marks.
I. Benefits of Scale
- Increased economic exchange
- Political power
- Safety net against exogenous shocks (e.g. the European Recovery Plan)
II. Benefits of Community
- Parochial altruism reduces free riding
- Norms raise the costs of defection
What are the two conditions that tend to cause states to establish partially independent territories?
- Mutual advantages
- Punctuated equilibrium
50 Name at least two distinctions between a federation and a partially independent union (between a core state and a partially independent territory)?
- PITs are not federation member units
- PIT unions are asymmetric (federations are usually symmetric)
- PITs have limited foreign affairs powers (federation member-units do not)
According to Steve Walt, one of America’s post-9/11 lessons is that America is less popular than it thinks. Please name three out of the four reasons discussed in class (from the 9/11 Commission Report) on why populations sometime dislike the US.
- America’s military occupies their countries
- America provides the weapons and bullets to Israel that kill Palestinians
- America keeps the dictators who rule over the Arab countries in power
- America imposes its cultural values
Name the European institution that proposes legislation and the other two that jointly decide upon and pass legislation.
- Legislative proposing institution: European Commission
- Legislative deciding institutions: The Council of EU/Ministers and the European Parliament
According to Robert Pape, what is the cause of suicide terrorism?
Pape believes that nationalism causes suicide terrorism and that the territorial nationalism can be predicted through what can be called the strategic model (in which actors behave rationally).