Systems of a Budget
Lunenburg identifies this as a procedure where individual lines are used to describe allocations for various items of expenditure
What is line-item budgeting?
Wildavsky mentions that the traditional budget's content comes in the form of what?
What are line-items?
Schick identifies that performance budgeting can be operationalized by constructing a baseline of what?
What are outputs or outcomes?
In the context of public budgeting, this function serves as a guide for managing and uses the budget document to look for possible directions and react to the environment.
What is steering?
An estimate of the cash position at a specific point in time
What is a cash budget?
in zero-based budgeting, administrators must substantiate all expenditures---new and what?
What are continuing?
Commitment in traditional budgeting can come in the form of cash or what?
What is value?
Schick discusses that performance budgeting had a minor influence in what during a crisis?
What is fiscal consolidation?
This budgeting approach involves constructing different plausible futures to understand how changes in external conditions might affect outcomes, helping business leaders respond flexibly to unexpected changes
What is scenario planning?
A ___ budget focuses on the maintenance and acquisition of fixed assets
What is a capital budget?
Lunenburg identifies that the disadvantage of site-based budgeting include that it is inimical to district-wide coordination and quality control. True or false?
True
Two alternatives to traditional budgeting are Zero base budgeting (ZBB) and what?
What is Planning, programming and budgeting (PPB)?
What is the time span for medium-term expenditure frameworks (MTEF)?
What is 3-5 years?
This budgeting method involves planning your company's revenues and expenses for a specific timeframe and leveraging historical data to predict future business outcomes.
What is budgeting and forecasting?
An estimate of the total cost of labor for a specific period
What is a labor budget?
In zero-based budgeting, administrators must start the budgeting process at what every year?
What is zero?
Wildavsky argues that the traditional budget has stable procedures that continue year after year with little or no change. True or false?
What is true?
What are the two types of information asymmetries in performance budgeting?
Informational overload and critical data gaps
This budgeting cycle phase involves crafting a budget for the upcoming period, determining fund requirements, and evaluating the outcomes of the preceding cycle.
What is the preparation phase?
A forecast of the goods or services to be sold over a specific period
What is a sales budget?
Lunenburg identifies that the advantages of site-based budgeting include empowering educators at the school site. True or false?
What is true?
A traditional budget is conducted on a what basis?
What is a cash basis?
According to Schick, performance budgeting can be categorized into three main parts. Name one of them
What is presentational, performance-informed budget, or direct performance budget?
This budgeting methods, introduced int he 1970s, aligns resource allocation with corporate strategy by justifying which activities add real value and are worth keeping.
What is zero-based budgeting (ZBB)?
An estimate of the projected goods to be sold, including the labor, materials, and costs associated with production
What is a production budget?