What is inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit?
100
The mechanism of action of macrolide antibacterial agents.
What is inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit?
100
The mechanism of action of the fluoroquinolones.
What is inhibition of DNA replication via the inhibition of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV?
100
The mechanism of action of the folate antagonists.
What is inhibition of the endogenous production of tetrahydrofolic acid in susceptible organisms?
100
The mechanism of action for the tetracyclines.
What is inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit?
200
The pharmacodynamic parameter associated with efficacy of the aminoglycosides.
What is peak:MIC (concentratio-dependent) killing?
200
The pharmacodynamic parameter associated with efficacy of the macrolides.
What is time>MIC (time-dependent)?
200
The pharmacodynamic parameter associated with antibacterial efficacy.
What is concentration-dependent or AUC/MIC ratio?
200
The component of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole used for dosing.
What is trimethoprim?
200
The pharmacodynamic parameters associated with efficacy of the tetracyclines.
What is time>MIC?
300
In order to demonstrate antibacterial activity for Gram-positive organisms, this must be added to aminoglycoside therapy.
What is a cell-wall active agent (e.g beta-lactam)?
300
The spectrum of activity of the macrolide antibiotics.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group Streptococcus spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp, and atypical organisms (e.g. Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae...)
300
The respiratory fluoroquinolones.
What levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin?
300
The spectrum of activity for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
What is Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Enterobacteriaceae, Pneumocyistis jiroveci, Nocardia spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
300
Their activity for this organism enables the tetracyclines (especially doxycycline and minocycline) to be used as oral alternatives for skin and soft tissue infections.
What is MRSA?
400
Adverse effects associated with aminoglycoside therapy.
What are nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade?
400
The macrolide antibiotics associated with significant drug-drug interactions via CYP450 inhibition.
What are erythromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin?
400
The fluoroquinolones with Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity.
What are ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin?
400
Adverse effects associated with folate antagonists.
What are hypersensitivity reactions, rash, G6PD hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia, renal failure, hepatic failure, GI intolerance, photosensitivity, kernicterus?
400
Adverse effects associated with tetracycline use.
What are chelation with cations, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, teeth discoloration, GI upset, vertigo (minocycline)?
500
The presence of these factors may increase the risk of a patient developing nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycoside use.
What increased age, underlying renal insufficiency, volume depletion, hypotension, liver disease, long duration of therapy, frequent dosing interval, concomitant nephrotoxic agents, prolonged trough concentrations?
500
These two macrolides are also used to prevent and treat a certain opportunistic infection most commonly seen in HIV/AIDS patients.
What clarithromycin and azithromycin?
500
Adverse effects associated with fluoroquinolones.
What are GI upset, CNS/neurotoxicity, QTc prolongation, dysglycemia, tendon rupture, chelation interactions?
500
A common drug-drug interaction associated with folate antagonists.
What is warfarin?
500
Besides S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae; this group of organisms is included in the spectrum of activity for the tetracyclines.
What are the atypical organisms (e.g Legionella, Mycoplasma...)?