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Implementation
Regulation
Budget
100
Four obstacles to implementation
What are the lack of authority, lack of clarity, lack of resources, and design flaws?
100
The way that the bureaucracy affects the public policy process by shaping the way the laws are implemented
What is bureaucratic discretion?
100
Two Largest Expenditures of Federal Budget
What are the military and entitlements?
200
Relationships between Congress, Interest groups, and the bureaucracy in a certain policy area
What is the Iron Triangle?
200
This economic system is more popular with fiscal liberals and supports more taxes and government involvement within the economy
What is Keynesian economics?
200
Term for maximum amount of debt the US can take on
What is the debt ceiling?
300
The term for when Federal expenditures outpace annual GDP
What is national debt?
300
Two ways that the Federal government receives revenue
What is Corporate income tax, Social Security, Excise Tax, Income Tax?
300
Best predictor of current budget
What is the prior year's budget plus more (incrementalism)?
400
Obstacle towards implementation, specifically without subpoena powers
What is lack of authority?
400
This act restricts the political activity of employees in the executive branch
What is the Hatch Act?
400
Revenue losses that result from special exemptions allowed by Federal Tax Law
What are Tax Expenditures?
500
When multiple agencies have authority over the same issue
What is fragmentation?
500
This act established that positions within the Federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation
What is the Pendleton Civil Service Act?
500
This piece of legislation creates a graduated income tax
What is the 16th Amendment?