Degrees
A burn extends through the skin into muscle, with a black, dry, charred appearance. The area is completely insensate, and function is lost.
What is a fourth-degree burn?
During the entire burn process what electrolyte imbalance is expected? What happens to your body when you have a loss of bicarb?
What is hyponatremia? What is metabolic acidosis?
A client spills a cleaning solution on their arm. The skin initially looks mild but continues to worsen hours later with deeper tissue involvement. What type of burn is this?
What is a chemical burn (alkali)?
A burn patient is 3 days post-injury, undergoing wound debridement and infection prevention. What type of phase is this?
What is the acute (intermediate) phase?
A client presents immediately after chemical exposure to the skin. What is the first action?
What is flush with copious amounts of water?
A client has a burn with blistering, edema, and a moist pink/red wound bed. The area is very painful and does NOT blanch with pressure.
What is a second degree (partial thickness) burn?
What are the expected lab values before treatment for a burn?
High HgB and HcT, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and low bicarb.
A client presents with a burn after running a marathon. The skin is irritated from repeated friction between skin surfaces, not heat or chemicals. What type of burn is this?
What is a thermal burn (friction)?
A burn patient is within the first 24 hours, requiring airway management, fluid resuscitation, and removal of clothing/jewelry. What phase is this?
What is the emergent (resuscitative) phase?
A client with suspected inhalation injury begins to develop hoarseness and airway swelling. What is the priority intervention?
What is secure the airway (prepare for early intubation)?
A client presents with redness, tenderness, mild swelling, and pain after a sunburn. The area blanches with pressure, and the client reports tingling.
What is first-degree (superficial) burn?
What are the expected lab values after treatment for a burn?
A client has a small superficial wound on the hand, but develops cardiac dysrhythmias hours later. What type of burn is this?
What is an electrical burn?
A patient is working with physical therapy to restore function and mobility after burns. What phase is this?
What is the rehabilitation phase?
A client with electrical injury arrives with stable vitals but unknown internal damage. What is the priority action?
What is cardiac monitoring (risk of dysrhythmias)?
A burn injury appears white and leathery, with no sensation to touch. The client reports no pain in the area, but surrounding areas are painful.
What are the two signs of adequate perfusion? What is the normal value for MAP and how do you calculate it?
What is urine output and MAP? What is 93 and systolic + diastolic + diastolic / 3 = MAP.
A client involved in a house fire has normal SpO₂ readings, but is confused with headache and nausea. What type of burn is this?
What is an inhalation injury (carbon monoxide exposure)?
A patient transitions from low urine output and edema, to increased urine output and fluid returning to circulation. What phase is this?
What is emergent phase transitioning to acute phase?
A client with suspected inhalation injury has normal oxygen saturation readings. What should the nurse do next?
What is recognize SpO₂ may be inaccurate and administer high-flow oxygen (nonrebreather)?
A pt presents with third degree burns to their left arm, chest, abdomen, and anterior left leg. Using the rule of 9's what is the TBSA burned?
Left arm (9%), Chest (9%), Abdomen (9%), and anterior left leg (9%).
36% TBSA burned.
What is happening to cause hyperkalemia when someone is burned?
When your burned your cells are destroyed releasing large amounts of potassium into the bloodstream
What occupation causes the most chemical burns? What type of chemicals cause the most dangerous burns?
What is janitorial. What is alkaline chemicals?
A burn patient months after injury has decreased joint mobility, tight, thickened skin, and difficulty performing ADLs. What phase is this and what is the priority intervention?
What is the rehabilitation phase, and the priority is range-of-motion exercises and physical therapy to prevent contractures and restore function?
A pt came in with 36% TBSA of burns and weighs 145 lbs. How much LR solution are we going to give in the first 8hrs? What formula is being used?
4,745 mL and what is the parkland formula.