Foundations of Statistics
The process of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
What is statistics
Data that uses labels instead of numbers
What is qualitative data?
Graph used for categorical data with separated bars
What is a bar chart
The average
What is the mean?
Probability ranges between these two numbers
What are 0 and 1?
Distribution with two outcomes per trial
What is binomial distribution?
Type of statistics that summarizes data
What is descriptive statistics?
Data that can include decimals
What is continuous data?
Graph where bars touch (for numerical data)
What is a histogram?
The middle value
What is the median?
Probability of NOT A
What is 1 − P(A)?
Distribution used for counts over time
What is Poisson distribution?
Type of statistics that uses a sample to make conclusions
What is inferential statistics?
Level of measurement with a true zero
What is ratio?
Distribution where mean > median
What is right-skewed?
Measure of spread using squared units
What is variance?
Events that cannot happen at the same time
What are mutually exclusive events?
Bell-shaped distribution
What is normal distribution?
The entire group you want to study
What is a population?
Data type for “number of customers”
What is discrete data?
Graph that shows proportions of a whole
What is a pie chart?
Middle 50% of data
What is the interquartile range (IQR)?
Events that do not affect each other
What are independent events?
% within 1 standard deviation
What is 68%?
The key difference between an experiment and an observational study is this
What is manipulation (or control) of variables?
Level of measurement with ordered categories
What is ordinal?
Graph best for small datasets showing individual values
What is a dot plot?
Value below which a percentage of data falls
What is a percentile?
Probability of A given B
What is conditional probability?
Value that measures distance from mean in SD units
What is a z-score?