Chapter 11
INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TRENDS IN IS
•Information Systems (IS) play a crucial role in organizations and society.
•As technology continues to advance, new trends emerge in the field of IS.
•These emerging trends have the potential to revolutionize the way organizations operate and interact with their stakeholders
WHAT IS IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT?
•IS Project Management refers to the planning, organizing, and controlling of information systems projects.
•It involves the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to meet project requirements and deliver successful outcomes
WHAT IS AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT?
•Agile project management is an iterative and incremental approach to managing projects.
•It focuses on flexibility, collaboration, and delivering value to customers through continuous improvement and adaptation
COMMERCIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
•Commercial information systems are pre-built systems by software vendors and are ready to be used without any major modifications
1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND MACHINE LEARNING (ML)
2. INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
1.
•AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.
•ML, on the other hand, focuses on the development of algorithms that allow computers to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
•These technologies have the potential to automate and optimize various business processes and decision-making
2.
•IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange data.
•This trend has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing.
•With IoT, organizations can collect real-time data, improve operational efficiency, and provide personalized services
1. KEY ROLES IN IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2. PHASES OF IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1.
•Project Manager - Responsible for overall project planning, execution, and control.
•Business Analyst - Analyzes business requirements and translates them into project deliverables.
•Systems Analyst - Designs and develops technical solutions.
•Quality Assurance Analyst - Ensures project deliverables meet quality standards.
•Stakeholders - Individuals or groups with an interest in the project's outcome
2.
•Initiation - Defining the project scope, objectives, and stakeholders.
•Planning - Developing a detailed project plan, including tasks, timelines, and resource allocation.
•Execution - Implementing the project plan and managing project activities.
•Monitoring and Control - Tracking project progress, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions.
•Closure - Completing project deliverables, conducting final testing, and transitioning the system to operations
KEY PRINCIPLES OF AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
•Customer satisfaction through continuous delivery of valuable software
•Embrace changing requirements, even late in the project
•Deliver working software frequently, with a preference for shorter timescales
•Collaboration between business stakeholders and developers throughout the project
•Support and trust individuals and teams to get the job done
•Face-to-face communication is the most effective form of communication
•Working software is the primary measure of progress
•Maintain a sustainable pace for the team
•Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design
•Simplicity - the art of maximizing the amount of work not done is essential
BENEFITS
•Cost-effective solution: Implementing commercial information systems can be more cost-effective than developing custom software from scratch.
•Faster implementation: commercial systems are already developed and tested, which reduces the time required for implementation.
•Proven functionality: commercial systems have already been used by other organizations and have proven functionality.
•Continuous support and updates: Software vendors provide support and regular updates for commercial systems.
•Scalability and flexibility: commercial systems can be easily scaled and customized to meet the changing needs of the organization
1. BIG DATA AND ANALYTICS
2. CLOUD COMPUTING
1.
•The proliferation of digital data has led to the emergence of big data.
•Big data refers to large and complex datasets that cannot be easily managed or analyzed using traditional data processing techniques.
•Analytics, on the other hand, involves the use of statistical and quantitative methods to uncover patterns, insights, and trends from data.
•Big data and analytics enable organizations to make data-driven decisions, identify opportunities, and gain a competitive advantage
2.
•Cloud computing involves the delivery of computing services, including storage, servers, databases, software, and analytics, over the internet.
•This trend allows organizations to access and use resources on-demand, without the need for upfront infrastructure investment.
•Cloud computing offers scalability, flexibility, and cost savings, making it an attractive option for organizations of all sizes
BEST PRACTICES IN IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT
•Clearly define project objectives and scope.
•Develop a realistic project plan with clear milestones and deliverables.
•Establish effective communication channels with project stakeholders.
•Regularly monitor and track project progress against the plan.
•Proactively manage project risks and issues.
•Foster collaboration and teamwork among project team members.
•Conduct thorough testing and quality assurance activities.
•Document and learn from project lessons for future improvements
AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS
•Scrum - A framework for managing complex projects, focusing on delivering value incrementally through short iterations called sprints.
•Kanban - A visual framework for managing work, limiting work in progress (WIP), and optimizing flow.
•Lean - A methodology that aims to eliminate waste and maximize customer value through continuous improvement.
•Extreme Programming (XP) - A software development methodology that emphasizes teamwork, communication, and simplicity
CHALLENGES
•Compatibility issues: commercial systems may not be fully compatible with the existing IT infrastructure of the organization.
•Limited customization: While commercial systems can be customized to some extent, they may not fully meet the specific requirements of the organization.
•Vendor dependency: Organizations become dependent on the software vendor for support and updates.
•Data migration: Migrating data from existing systems to the new commercial system can be a complex and time-consuming process.
•Training and change management: Employees may require training to adapt to the new system, and change management efforts may be needed to ensure smooth implementation
1. CYBERSECURITY
2. ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
1.
•With the increasing reliance on technology and digital systems, cybersecurity has become a critical concern for organizations.
•Cybersecurity involves the protection of computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, theft, and damage.
•Emerging trends in cybersecurity include advanced threat detection, artificial intelligence-based security systems, and blockchain technology for secure transactions
2.
•As IS technologies continue to evolve, ethical and social implications arise.
•Issues such as privacy, data security, job displacement, and algorithmic bias need to be addressed.
•Organizations and policymakers must consider the potential impact of emerging IS trends on individuals, society, and the environment and ensure responsible and ethical use of these technologies
BENEFITS OF EFFECTIVE IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT
• Successful project delivery within budget and timeline.
•Alignment of project outcomes with business objectives.
•Improved stakeholder satisfaction.
•Enhanced quality and reliability of information systems.
•Efficient utilization of resources.
•Increased organizational agility and competitiveness
1. BENEFITS OF AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
2. CHALLENGES OF AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1.
•Increased customer satisfaction through continuous delivery of valuable software
•Improved project visibility and control
•Increased flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements
•Enhanced collaboration and communication between team members
•Faster time to market and quicker return on investment
•Reduced risk through early and frequent feedback
•Higher quality software through continuous testing and integration
•Empowered and motivated teams
•Improved stakeholder engagement and alignment
•Continuous improvement and learning culture
2.
•Resistance to change from traditional project management approaches
•Lack of experience and understanding of agile principles and practices
•Difficulty in estimating and planning in an uncertain and evolving environment
•Balancing the need for flexibility with the need for structure and control
•Managing dependencies and coordination between teams
•Ensuring effective communication and collaboration within and across teams
•Maintaining a sustainable pace and preventing burnout
•Addressing the challenges of distributed teams and remote work
•Balancing the needs of multiple stakeholders and prioritizing competing demands
•Ensuring the right level of documentation and knowledge transfer
1. BEST PRACTICES
2. EXAMPLES
1.
•Define clear objectives and requirements: Clearly define the objectives and requirements of the organization before selecting a commercial system.
•Conduct thorough research and evaluation: Research and evaluate different commercial systems to find the one that best meets the organization's needs.
•Plan for customization and integration: Plan for any necessary customization and integration with existing systems.
•Develop a comprehensive implementation plan: Create a detailed plan that includes timelines, resources, and responsibilities.
•Provide training and support: Ensure that employees receive proper training and ongoing support to effectively use the new system.
•Monitor and evaluate the implementation: Continuously monitor and evaluate the implementation to identify any issues and make necessary adjustments
2.
•Salesforce: Salesforce is a widely used customer relationship management (CRM) system that has been successfully implemented by many organizations.
•SAP: SAP is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that has been implemented by numerous large organizations.
•Microsoft Office 365: Microsoft Office 365 is a suite of productivity tools that has been adopted by many businesses for their communication and collaboration needs
CONCLUSION
•The field of IS is constantly evolving, driven by emerging trends and advancements in technology.
•Understanding and embracing these trends is crucial for organizations to stay competitive and leverage the potential benefits of new technologies.
•By staying informed and adapting to these emerging trends, organizations can drive innovation, improve efficiency, and create value for their stakeholders
CHALLENGES IN IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT
•Scope Creep - Uncontrolled changes or additions to project scope.
•Resource Constraints - Limited availability of skilled resources.
•Communication Issues - Inadequate communication between project stakeholders.
•Technical Complexity - Dealing with complex technologies and integration challenges.
•Risk Management - Identifying and mitigating project risks
1. AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS
2. CONCLUSION
1.
• Jira - A popular tool for agile project management, providing features for planning, tracking, and collaborating on tasks and issues.
•Trello - A visual project management tool that uses boards, lists, and cards to organize and prioritize work.
•Kanbanize - A comprehensive Kanban software that helps manage work, visualize workflow, and optimize productivity.
•Monday.com - A flexible project management tool that supports agile methodologies and provides customizable workflows.
•Agilefant - An open-source agile project management tool that supports Scrum, Kanban, and other agile practices
2.
•Agile project management offers a flexible and collaborative approach to managing projects in an ever-changing environment.
•By embracing change, delivering value incrementally, and fostering effective communication and collaboration, organizations can achieve higher customer satisfaction, improved project outcomes, and a culture of continuous improvement
CONCLUSION
•Implementing commercial information systems can provide organizations with cost-effective and efficient solutions to meet their business needs.
•However, it is important to carefully evaluate and plan the implementation process to ensure successful outcomes