Tigers
A management-initiated boundary of conduct (beliefs, values, voluntary policies, and voluntary contractual obligations)
What is voluntary boundary?
Crimes perpetrated every year by nonviolent business criminals
What is white-collar crime?
A highly appropriate and common practice that helps ensure compliance with legal requirements, industry self-regulation, and societal expectations
What is core practice?
Fair treatment and due reward in accordance with ethical or legal standards, including the disposition to deal with perceived injustices of others
What is justice?
An externally imposed boundary of conduct (laws, rules, regulations, and other requirements)
What is mandated boundary?
For example, antitrust and consumer protection laws create boundaries of propriety that must be respected by companies. Failure to do so results in civil and criminal penalties.
Refers to moral philosophies that focus on the rights of individuals and the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than its consequences
What is deontology?
set of values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways of solving problems that members (employees) of an organization share.
What is corporate culture?
Hold that actions are the proper basis to judge morality or ethicalness
What are act deontologists?
To individuals’ perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on others
What is moral intensity?
The assumption that one person’s opinion is as good as another’s
What is normative relativism?
_______________ approaches describe how organizational decision makers should approach an ethical issue.
What is normative?
_________ principle states that each person has basic rights that are compatible to the basic liberties of others
What is equity principle?
is the act of illegally taking information from a corporation through computer hacking, theft, intimidation, sorting through trash, and impersonation of organizational members.
What is corporate espionage?
_____________ principle states that economic and social equalities or inequalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society
What is difference principle?
Seeks the greatest good for the greatest number of people
What is utilitarianism?
The view that an external world exists independent of our perceptions
What is realism?
“Act as if the maxim of thy action were to become by thy will a universal law of nature.” Simply put, if you feel comfortable allowing everyone in the world to see you commit an act and if your rationale for acting in a particular manner is suitable to become a universal principle guiding behavior, then committing that act is ethical.
What is categorical imperative?
Argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a “good” moral character would deem appropriate in a given situation
What is virtue ethics?
Refers to moral philosophies in which an act is considered morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result, such as pleasure, knowledge, career growth, the realization of self-interest, utility, wealth, or even fame
What is teleology?
The idea that pleasure is the ultimate good, or the best moral end involves the greatest balance of pleasure over pain
What is hedonism?
Conformity to general moral principles based on logic determines ethicalness
What are rule deontologists?
This (then) new law seeks to improve financial regulation, increase oversight of the industry, and prevent the types of risk-taking, deceptive practices, and lack of oversight that led to the 2008–2009 financial crisis. The act contains 16 provisions that include increasing the accountability and transparency of financial institutions, creating a bureau to educate consumers in financial literacy and protect them from deceptive financial practices, implementing additional incentives for whistle-blowers, increasing oversight of the financial industry, and regulating the use of complex derivatives.
What is the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act?
Teleological philosophies that assess the moral worth of a behavior by looking at its consequences
What is consequentialism?
Reject the ideas that (1) ends can be separated from the means that produce them and (2) ends, purposes, or outcomes are intrinsically good in and of themselves
What is instrumentalists?
In 2002, largely in response to widespread corporate accounting scandals, Congress passed the _______________________ to establish a system of federal oversight of corporate accounting practices. In addition to making fraudulent financial reporting a criminal offense and strengthening penalties for corporate fraud, the law requires corporations to establish codes of ethics for financial reporting and develop greater transparency in financial reporting to their investors and other stakeholders.
What is the Sarbanes–Oxley Act