All Chapters A
In inventory management, this cost represents the expenses associated with keeping inventory until it is used or sold.
What is Holding Cost?
This type of inventory represents partially finished goods consisting of assembled component parts.
What are Work-in-Process Inventories?
This method of authentication requires users to prove their identity using two different types of verification, such as a password and a physical device.
What is two-factor authentication?
The perceived relationship between performance and rewards is known by this term in expectancy theory.
What is instrumentality?
A program that attaches itself to other programs without the user's knowledge and can cause anything from a harmless message to a system-wide network shutdown.
What is malware?
In Maslow's theory, these needs include physical and economic security.
What are safety needs?
At the base of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, these fundamental requirements include food and water.
What are physiological needs?
This step in the communication process involves the sender putting a message into a form that can be understood by the receiver.
What is encoding?
This theory suggests that employees' ability and willingness to take responsibility for directing their work behavior defines their readiness level.
What is performance readiness?
This protective hardware or software device sits between an organization's internal network and outside networks like the internet to prevent unauthorized access.
What is a firewall?
Software that securely encrypts data sent by employees outside the company network and decrypts it when it arrives within the company's computer network.
What is a virtual private network (VPN)?
This component of situational favorableness refers to the degree to which leaders can hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.
What is position power?
The prediction that computer processing power would double and its cost would drop by 50 percent about every two years.
What is Moore's law?
This manufacturing flexibility category produces goods continuously rather than at a discrete rate.
What is Continuous-Flow Production?
This type of communication flows from lower levels of an organization to higher levels, often involving feedback or reporting.
What is upward communication?
his component of reinforcement theory strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence when an employee performs a specific behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
This concept in service management emphasizes that good internal service quality leads to employee satisfaction, which then drives customer loyalty and long-term profits.
What is the Service-Profit Chain?
These differences, based on personality, psychology, or experience, influence what information individuals notice or ignore.
What are perceptual filters?
These accounting statements, also called profit and loss statements, summarize an organization's income, expenses, and net profit over a given period.
What are income statements?
This type of control emerges from workgroup values and beliefs developed when teams are given full autonomy.
What is concertive control?
These charismatic leaders control and manipulate followers, prioritizing their own interests over organizational goals.
Who are unethical charismatics?
This psychological theory collapses human needs into three categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.
What is Alderfer's ERG Theory?
This type of control relies on hierarchical authority to reward or punish employees based on compliance with organizational rules.
What is bureaucratic control?
Based on an exchange process, this leadership type rewards followers for good performance and punishes poor performance.
What is transactional leadership?
This is the first step in the control process, serving as a basis for comparing organizational performance.
What are standards?