Biology
This molecule carries genetic information and is found in the nucleus of every cell.
What is DNA?
Three techniques used to calculate market size are TAM, SAM, and...?
What is SOM?
This is the number of phases in a US clinical trial.
These are the two major categories all drugs fall into.
What are small molecules and biologics?
How many cells are in the human body?
About 37 trillion
These molecules are made of amino acids, carry out almost every biological function, and are the "executors" of DNA instructions.
What are proteins?
This gives a biotech company the exclusive right to profit from their invention for 20 years, preventing competitors from copying it.
What is a patent?
This is the regulatory body in the United States that approves drugs.
What is the FDA?
This revolutionary gene editing tool acts like "molecular scissors" to cut DNA at precise locations, and earned its inventors the 2020 Nobel Prize.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
How long would your DNA be if you stretched it out from just ONE cell?
About 2 meters (6 feet)
This is the location in the cell where DNA is stored.
What is the nucleus?
This is money given to early-stage biotech startups from investors, typically before the company sells shares to the public.
What is venture capital?
This is the average amount of time it takes a drug to get from discovery to approval.
What is 10-15 years?
This technique uses cells as "factories" to produce large quantities of a desired protein — like insulin — for use as a medicine.
What is recombinant protein production?
What percentage of our DNA do humans share with bananas?
About 60%
All cells have the same DNA, but muscle cells and neurons look and act differently because of this — different cells turn different genes "on."
What is gene expression?
This gives a biotech company the exclusive right to profit from their invention for 20 years, preventing competitors from copying it.
What is a patent?
This is the average cost of taking a drug from drug discovery through approval in the United States.
What is $1B to $2.7B?
This type of therapy delivers a working copy of a gene into a patient's cells to treat a genetic disease
What is gene therapy?
How many times does your heart beat in a day?
About 100,000 times
This is the name for the sequence of nucleotides in a gene that tells a ribosome where to start reading
What is a promoter?
This financial calculation accounts for time value of money and is used by investors to decide if a biotech project is worth funding.
What is NPV?
This is what we call a fake pill or treatment given to patients in a clinical trial.
What is placebo?
This therapy — using in the COVID-19 vaccine — gives cells temporary instructions to produce a protein that trains the immune system.
What is RNA therapy?
What percentage of human DNA is identical between any two people?
About 99.9%