Biology
This theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by a host cell
Endosymbiotic Theory
This thermodynamic quantity, measured in joules, predicts whether a reaction will occur spontaneously
Gibbs free energy
This Greek letter denotes the angular velocity of an object in rotational motion
ω (omega)
This logarithmic scale measures the magnitude of seismic events
Richter Scale
This scientist's X-ray diffraction image, known as Photo 51, provided crucial evidence for the double-helix structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material in a process that increases genetic diversity. Name this process.
Crossing Over
This law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature
Boyle's Law
This type of collision conserves both momentum and kinetic energy.
Elastic collision
This central longitudinal line runs through Greenwich, England.
The prime meridian
This scientist developed the first mathematical proof that white light is composed of all colors of the spectrum, using a prism to demonstrate it
Isaac Newton
This vital, highly regulated process involves the elimination of damaged, unnecessary, or potentially harmful cells to maintain homeostasis
Apoptosis
This phenomenon occurs when atomic orbitals of similar energy mix to form new combined orbitals
Hybridization
This law states that the force exerted by a spring is proportional to its displacement or extension.
Hooke's Law
This invisible boundary surrounding a black hole marks the point at which light cannot escape.
Event horizon
Marie Curie coined this term to describe elements that spontaneously emit radiation
Radioactivity
In the absence of oxygen, human muscle cells convert pyruvate into this molecule, causing the burning sensation felt during intense exercise.
Lactic acid
The lanthanides and actinides, home to nearly all man-made elements, occupy this lettered block of the periodic table
F block
The color of visible light is determined by this measurement/property.
Frequency
This astronomical event, occurring in June in the Northern Hemisphere, marks the longest day of the year
Summer solstice
This railroad worker survived having an iron rod blasted through his skull, his condition later revealing how the frontal lobe controls personality
Phineas Gage
In this type of cell signaling, chemicals are secreted into the bloodstream and travel long distances to bind receptors on distant target cells
Endocrine signalling
This amphoteric molecule can act as both an acid and a base.
Water (H2O)
This value, in coulombs, is the minimum magnitude of charge carried by a particle in nature. (also known as the elementary charge)
1.6 x 10-19 coulombs
This life-supporting region around a star denotes where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface
Goldilocks zone
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
This ancient Greek physician, often called the father of medicine, was the first to argue that disease had natural causes rather than being punishment from the gods
Hippocrates