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The Eastern Orthodox Church traditionally uses which language in its teachings
Greek
What was the name of the Byzantine Empire’s legal code created under Justinian?
Justinan's Code
What is feudalism?
A political and social system based on land ownership and loyalty
What was the head of the Roman Catholic Church called?
The Pope
What was the goal of the Crusades?
To reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims
Although Justinian instituted a system of strict laws, he faced fierce opposition from Byzantine citizens as shown through the
Nika Riots
Theodora largely expanded the rights of which group in the Byzantine Empire?
Women
Who were the people at the bottom of the feudal system, working the land?
(Serfs/Peasants)
What was excommunication?
A punishment where someone was banned from the Church and its sacraments.
Who called for the first Crusade?
Pope Urban II
What was the primary purpose behind the establishment of the feudal and manor systems in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?
To act as a system of land distribution and protection
What was the Great Schism of 1054?
The official split between the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church
What did a lord provide to his vassal in the feudal system?
Land (fief)
What were canon laws?
Laws set by the Church that governed religious practices and aspects of daily life.
Name one effect of the Crusades.
Increased trade, weakened feudalism, cultural diffusion, tension between Christians and Muslims.
What is the clergy?
Leaders or officials in the Church
What was Constantinople known for?
1. Capital of Byzantine Empire
2. Center of trade
How was manorialism different from feudalism?
Feudalism = political/military system,
Manorialism = economic system based on self-sufficient manors.
What was a tithe?
A mandatory tax of 10% of income that people paid to the Church.
What caused the Bubonic Plague?
The bacterium Yersinia pestis, spread by fleas on rats
The crusades were mostly fought in which two continents?
Europe and Asia
One of the key differences leading to the Great Schism was the disagreement over
How much power the Pope had
Manorialism was ____________ ______________ meaning that.....
What was papal supremacy?
The idea that the Pope had authority over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors.
How did the Black Death impact Europe?
Killed 1/3 of the population, weakened feudalism, led to labor shortages and social upheaval.