Psychopathology Basics
What organization is responsible for the DSM?
American Psychiatric Association
A strong, persistent, and unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation is called a ______.
Phobia
Julie has recurrent major depressive episodes that alternate with hypomania. According to the DSM-5-TR, Julie should be diagnosed with _______________.
Bipolar II disorder
The treatment of choice for borderline personality disorder is ______.
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
The most commonly abused substance is ______.
Alcohol
What is the most common mental disorder in the U.S.
Anxiety
Which anxiety disorder is characterized primarily by excessive and intrusive worries across multiple domains?
Generalized anxiety disorder
What is the definition of the term "anhedonia"
Loss of interest and/or pleasure in activities that an individual typically would enjoy
This personality disorder is characterized by intense fluctuations in mood, self-image and interpersonal relationships
Borderline personality disorcer
This neurochemical is associated with pleasure and substance use disorders.
Dopamine
Name the 4 "D"s that describe when emotions and behavior are considered pathological.
Distress
Deviance
Dysfunction
Dangerousness
Which area of the brain is the first to identify the presence of a threat in the environment?
Amygdala
The definitive diagnostic characteristic for a Bipolar I disorder is ________.
At least one manic episode
Consider an adult whose pattern of personality traits has been inflexible since adolescence. The person’s behavior does not reflect another disorder and causes neither subjective distress nor impairments in social functioning. Can the person be diagnosed with a personality disorder?
No. There must be an impairment in the individual's ability to function.
Constance is a teenager in a Tx program for eating disorders. She is more introverted than many of the other girls in the program and consistently denies feeling hungry or depressed. Constance likely has _______________ disorder.
Anorexia nervosa- restricting type
Name the 4 dimensions/factors that describe a multipath model of mental disorders.
Biological factors
Psychological factors
Social factors
Sociocultural factors
For individuals diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, what purpose does engaging in repetitive behaviors serve?
Reduce anxiety
A young woman cannot stop thinking about how hopeless her life is. No matter how much she tries to think about other things, all she can think about is what has gone wrong. This woman is engaging in
Rumination
“My neighbor is suspicious of everyone, always holds grudges, and is hypersensitive to any criticism. He is moody, trusts no one, and never changes his mind. His partner says that my neighbor has always been this way.” What DSM-5-TR personality type does this description illustrate?
Paranoid
Andrés sees a therapist because he is reliving a bad experience and has been trying to avoid reminders of it. The onset of his problem occurred three weeks ago, after he was brutally assaulted and robbed. The therapist would most likely diagnose Andrés with which disorder?
Acute Stress Disorder
Amal has a severe mental illness and is unable to recognize his own mental confusion. This problem is known as ____________________.
Anosognosia
Name the 3 subcategories of phobias
Specific phobia
Social anxiety disorder
Agoraphobia
Carmen had several episodes of depression during the winter. During the summer, she had no episodes of depression. She would likely be diagnosed with _______________.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a seasonal pattern
Vagueness, digressions, and odd ideas are key symptoms of ____________________ personality disorder.
Schizotypal
People are often attracted to Andrea because she is flamboyant and excessively emotional. However, she rarely develops long-term relationships because people view her as shallow and self-centered. What personality disorder would most fit Andrea?
Histrionic