Breathing system
What cells produce the surfactant?
Pneumocytes of type 2.
In which part of the central nervous is the centre of salivation located?
Medulla oblongata and pons
Where is the "centre of thermoregulation" located?
In the hypothalamus.
What is the physiological role of renin?
Regulation of blood pressure.
Where are the hormone receptors located?
In the cells of the target organs.
What is the approximate total area of pulmonary alveoli in an adult healthy person?
50-100 m2
Which portion of the digestive tract was called the "pituitary gland of the digestive tract" by A. M.Ugolev?
Duodenum
What kind of heat loss functions in the body in a sauna (Finnish sauna)?
Evaporation
What causes a low difference in the oxygen content between the arterial and venous blood in the kidneys?
A large value of blood flow of tissue per unit of mass.
What is the mechanism of positive feedback?
Increased hormone level leads to stimulation and the occurrence of a peak of its secretion.
What part of the alveolar air is renewed with each breath in the process of tidal breathing?
Only 1/7 part.
Why does anaemia develop when removing a large part of the stomach?
Because of the deficit of internal Castle's factor.
On what principle is direct calorimetry based?
Direct measurement of heat emitted by the body.
What function do the aquaporins perform in the body?
These channel proteins facilitate the rapid transport of water through the membrane.
What is the kinetic effect of hormones?
The type of activity or process that was not performed before the hormone starts its action is triggered.
Why does a 100% oxygenation of the blood in the lungs fail to take place during normal ventilation?
Due to uneven ventilation and perfusion in different parts of the lungs; presence in the blood of inactive forms of hemoglobin; shunting of blood.
Who first discovered the phenomenon of membranous (mural) digestion?
A. M. Ugolev
What characterizes the Rubner rule?
The constancy of the value of energy
exchange per surface area of the body.
Who first discovered the main mechanism of kidney function (physical theory of urine formation)?
German physiologist Ludwig Carl Friedrich Wilhelm.
In what zone of the adrenal cortex does corticotropin act predominantly?
On the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.
What are Hering-Breuer reflexes?
Inspiration-inhibiting; expiratory-facilitating; the paradoxical effect of Head.
What is the name of the hormone produced in the stomach, acting on the neuron of the hypothalamus, containing the neuropeptide-Y and stimulating appetite?
Ghrelin.
What is the essence of Van't Hoff- Arrhenius temperature equation?
The rate of biochemical reactions with a temperature change of 10 degrees varies by 2 or more times.
Why is the magnitude of the glomerular filtration rate in women slower than that in men?
The average kidney mass is 10% larger in men than that in women.
Which method of quantitative hormone level investigation is the most accurate and widely used in clinical practice?
Radio Immunological analysis (RIA)