Vocab 1
What is your Digestive System?
A complex group of organs and glands that work together to break down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and tissue repair
What is your Urinary System?
System that filters blood to remove waste products, toxins, and excess fluids, producing urine to maintain homeostasis
What is the primary reason you need Iodine?
Necessary for the production of Thyroid hormones.
What are the three steps to the Oxidation of Glucose?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and The Electron Transport Chain.
What is another name for the Oxidation of Glucose?
Cellular Respiration
What is Anabolism?
Synthesis of large molecules from small ones
What is Catabolism?
Hydrolysis (breakdown) of complex structures to simpler ones
What is the FDA?
Food and Drug Administration.
The federal agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that is primary responsible for protecting public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of a wide range of products consumed by or used on humans and animals.
What are two additional things that could affect your metabolism?
How much a person exercises, how much fat storage someone has, and how much muscle mass a person has.
What are the three macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
What is a Nutrient?
A substance needed for growth, maintenance, or repair.
What is a Macronutrient?
Three major nutrients that make up the majority of ingested food
What is your Metabolism?
All the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Fill in the blanks:
During the Glycolysis"
One________________ is turned into:
- 2 Pyruvate molecules
- 2 ______
- ____ NADH
During the Glycolysis:
One glucose molecules is turned into:
- 2 Pyruvate molecules
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
What is the primary thing that controls your Metabolism?
Level of Hormones.
What is an RDA?
The average daily level of intake for a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
What is an Essential Nutrient?
Nutrients that must be eaten because the body cannot synthesize these from other vitamins and nutrients
How do you make sure you are getting enough nutrients?
By getting enough of your RDAs.
Fill in the blanks:
During the Kreb's Cycle:
Acetyl CoA is turned into:
- 4 _____
- ____ ATP
- 6 _________
- 2 _________
During the Kreb's Cycle:
Acetyl CoA is turned into:
- 4 CO2
- 2 ATP
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
What are the two biggest things that affect someone's Basal Metabolic Rate?
Genetics and your current health
What is your BMR?
A measure of the rate at which a person’s body “burns” energy, in the form of calories, at rest.
What is a Micronutrient?
Other nutrients required for life, but only in small amounts
What is an Obstruction?
Any growths or tumors in any part of the urinary tract can affect the flow of urine/pee
Fill in the blanks:
During the Electron Transport Chain:
_________ and ________ are converted into:
- Water
- _____ - _____ _______
- NAD+ and FAD
During the Electron Transport Chain:
NADH and FADH2 are converted into:
- Water
- 32 - 34 ATP
- NAD+ and FAD
Fill in the blanks for the whole chemical reaction of glucose into ATP.
____________ + 6______
--> 6H2O + 6_______ + _____ ATP + Heat
C6H12O6 + 6O2
--> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 32 ATP + Heat