We the People...
The legal and constitutional protections against the government
What are civil liberties?
New York Times v. Sullivan and New York Times v. U.S. both expressed this constitutional right…
What is the freedom of the press?
This amendment protects the accused against cruel and unusual punishment
What is the 8th Amendment?
The protection against discriminatory treatment as guaranteed by the equal protection clause
What are civil rights?
The Supreme Court case overruled the separate but equal doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
The five essential freedoms and rights guaranteed by the 1st Amendment
What is the right to speech, religion, press, assembly and petition?
This required Supreme Court case upheld free speech even more by allowing armbands to be worn as symbolic speech.
What is Tinker v Des Moines?
The Miranda rule stems from rights protected by these amendments…
What are the 5th & 6th Amendments?
The amendment that granted women's suffrage.
What is the 19th Amendment?
Dr. King’s written response that implores nonviolent direct action to achieve equal rights for African Americans.
What is the "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"?
The 14th Amendment clause in which the Supreme Court used to ensure the civil rights of minorities and women.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
In Wisconsin v. Yoder, the Supreme Court overruled a state law mandating attendance in school until 16 years old, defending this freedom & clause of the U.S. Constitution.
What is freedom of religion and Free Exercise Clause?
A rule that holds that evidence gathered in violation of the Constitution cannot be used in a trial
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
The Equal Pay Act of 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 all ensured rights to this group…
What are women's rights?
The requirement that an organization take positive steps to increase the number of proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in its membership
What is affirmative action?
Protection against arbitrary deprivation of life, liberty, or property as guaranteed in the 5th and 14th Amendments
What is the Due-Process Clause?
In Engel v. Vitale, SCOTUS defended this freedom and clause of the U.S. Constitution.
The Supreme Court case that made the right to legal representation applicable to the states
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This women's rights amendment was never ratified, but drew attention to the inequalities between genders.
The piece of legislation that increased African American voter registration and participation
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
The process whereby the court has applied most parts of the Bill of Rights to the states
What is selective incorporation?
District of Columbia v. Heller & McDonald v. Chicago upheld this civil liberty
What is the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms?
The rights of the accused that are listed in the original Constitution
What are a writ of habeas corpus, bill of attainder, and ex post facto laws?
Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade both protected this right…
What is the right to privacy?
This law banned discrimination in voting, public accommodations, schools, employment, and federal funding for all minorities and women
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?