Red Colors
This is the cause of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter
Giant Storm
His name is applied to the classification of galaxies, the equation relating the recessional velocity of galaxies and their distance, a constant, and an optical space telescope.
Edwin Hubble
This is the shape of Andromeda and the Milky Way.
Spiral
This is the length of time it would take for light to get to us from a star 10 parsecs away
32.6 years
These are convection-induced cool spots on the surface of the sun, which exist in a cycle of 22 years.
Sunspots
This is the reason sunsets are red
scattering
This astrophysicist made the “biggest blunder of his career” when he introduced the cosmological constant to offset the gravitational force. This constant is now thought of as dark energy.
Albert Einstein
This is thought to be the geometry of our universe, to within an error of 1%.
Flat
This would be the length of a year on a planet at 4 astronomical units from the sun.
8 years
This is the radius of a black hole beyond which light cannot escape.
Schwarzchild Radius
This type of galaxies is known as “red and dead”, as they have very little gas and dust and thus very little star formation.
Elliptical Galaxies
Penzias and Wilson initially thought that the all-sky signal from their Bell lab telescope was due to bird droppings; they later realized it was from this 3K signal emitted after electrons and atoms underwent recombination in the early universe.
Cosmic Microwave Background
Mirrors of telescopes are typically this shape, to avoid spherical aberration.
Parabola or Hyperbola
This is the age of the universe.
13.7 Billion Years
This is the effect which produces the Einstein ring, or multiple images of objects which lie behind a massive one.
Gravitational lensing
You wouldn’t want to be near this type of cosmic explosion in which neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole merge, or a giant star explodes.
Gamma Ray Bursts
Maarten Schmidt discovered this new class of radio-loud objects when he discovered the hydrogen line of 3C273 was shifted by 16%
Quasars
This would be the shape of a universe with Ω(matter)<1
Hyperbola or Saddle
This is the effect you would see as you watched an enemy’s clock fall into a black hole a large distance away.
His clock would appear slowed down
These are the most minute constituents of matter; there are three of these in protons and neutrons.
Quarks
This is the final fate of an “overdense” universe.
Alan Guth and Andrei Linde were two of the first individuals to explain this early universe process, which suggested that the early universe expanded very rapidly, creating the isotropy and homogeneity observed on the largest scales.
These are distortions of spacetime that could theoretically connect two separate universes
Wormholes
This is the time <10-43 s into the history of the universe, when quantum fluctuations dominated.
Planck Time
This is the angular size of the smallest object in radians that you can resolve with your eye, if the wavelength of light you observe is 500nm and your eye is 5mm.
10^-4