metallic
The particle that makes up metals
What are atoms?
This type of particle makes up ionic solids.
What are ions?
Bonus question - what are the names given to positive and negative ions?
This type of particle makes up covalent network solids.
What are atoms?
This type of particle makes up molecular solids.
What are molecules?
To conduct electricity, a substance needs particles that have these two characteristics.
What are charged and mobile?
electrons move freely throughout the lattice of positive metal ions
What are delocalised electrons?
Ionic solids have this pattern of positive and negative ions in fixed positions.
What is an ionic lattice?
This type of strong bonding holds atoms together in covalent network solids.
What are covalent bonds?
Bonus question - what does covalent mean?
This type of weak bonding exists between particles in molecular solids.
What are intermolecular bonds?
This property only applies to metals
What is malleable/ductile?
the property that allows them to be hammered into sheets without breaking, due to the attraction between positive metal nuclei and delocalised electrons
What is malleability (or ductility)?
Bonus question - what is the opposite of malleable?
Bonus, bonus question - name a solid type that shows this.
Ionic solids can conduct electricity under these two conditions, but not when solid.
What are when molten (melted) or when dissolved in water (in solution)?
This can conduct electricity because it has delocalised electrons between sheets of carbon atoms.
What is graphite?
Molecular solids typically have these characteristics for melting and boiling points compared to other solid types.
What are low melting and boiling points?
These two types of solids dissolve in water due to attractions with water molecules.
What are ionic solids and polar molecular solids?
metals conduct electricity in the solid state
What has delocalised electrons that are free to move?
ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points
What is caused by strong electrostatic bonding between positive and negative ions in the lattice, which require a lot of energy to break these attractions?
diamond has a very high melting point and is extremely hard.
What is caused by a network of C atoms held together by very strong covalent bonds throughout the entire structure?
Bonus question - what is the other covalent network solid with high mp and hard?
molecular solids do not conduct electricity.
What does not contain charged particles, so there are nothing available to carry electric current?
graphite can conduct electricity but diamond cannot, even though both are made of carbon atoms.
What is caused by graphite having sheets of C atoms with delocalised electrons between layers, while diamond has all electrons involved in 4 covalent bonds between C's?
Metals do not dissolve in water or cyclohexane
What is caused by strong metallic bonding which means there is no attraction between the metal lattice and water molecules (or cyclohexane) molecules?
ionic solids dissolve in water
What is the result of water molecules being polar to attract the ions, removing them from the lattice to dissolve the solid?
covalent network solids do not dissolve in water or cyclohexane
What has atoms joined by very strong covalent bonds throughout, where neither water nor cyclohexane molecules can provide sufficient attraction to break these bonds?
polar molecules have higher melting points than nonpolar molecules of similar size
What has stronger intermolecular attractions due to the slight positive and negative ends of molecules which require more energy to break these attractions?
A substance dissolves in cyclohexane but not in water.
What is a nonpolar molecular solid?
Bonus question - name a non-polar solid