Endocrine system
Hormones can travel to which parts of the body
All
2 parts of the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
Effects of epinephrine
fast HR, increased glycogen breakdown, slower digestion, pupils dilate,etc
What is positive phototropism
Plant moves TOWARDS (Positive) light
Which chemical causes rapid ripening of fruit, operating on a positive feedback loop
ethylene
Epinephrine is produced by the..
adrenal gland
Sensory vs Motor neurons
Sensory: recieve messages from receptor cells, convey it to CNS
Motor: recieve input from CNS, and send it to an effector
The enteric nervous system controls this critical smooth muscle movement
peristalsis
Auxin is found is higher amounts of the _________ side of plants
shady
Melatonin controls these cyclic phases in humans
cirrcadian rhymes
Effectors of the nervous system
glands
Describe the pain reflex arc
stimulus felt by receptor cells -> AP generated in sensory neuron -> message sent to CNS (spinal cord)->sensory neuron to interneuron -> interneuron to motor neuron -> response generated (usually muscle)
Functions of auxin/cytokinin
Auxin-inhibits lateral growth, produced at meristem, increases cell elongation, promotes root growth
Cytokinin-promotes cell division, lateral bud formation
Do I have any sisters or brothers? if so, which?
3 sisters
Melatonin is produced by the
pineal gland
What is the difference between grey matter and white matter
Grey-cell soma
White-cell synapses, dendrites, myelinated axons
Baroreceptors sense_______,
these help regulate_______
pressure/blood pressure and HR
Why does auxin only travel in one direction
Polar movement caused by the
1. efflux carriers only on one side of cell
2. Auxin disassociates after entering the cell, so it cannot go back out through the influx carreir
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland
What are the 3 parts of the brain, and their function
Cerebrum: controls multiple functions; vision, hearing, touch, speech, thinking, reasoning
Initiates and coordinates movement.
Cerebellum:
Voluntary muscular movements
Balance and coordination
Brainstem: regulates base functioning
If chemoreceptors sense a too LOW pH they send a message to the_____ and cause ________
medulla oblongata/
increased ventilation, increased HR, stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
How does Auxin cause cell elongation?
-Auxin activates proton pumps present in the plasma membrane.
-Activation increases rate to H+ pumping, into the cell wall.
More H+ = acidification or lowering of the pH of the cell wall.
-Acidification breaks down bonds betw cellulose in the cell wall
-K+ channels open, allowing potassium ions in
-This causes water to ENTER cell. With the weakened cell wall,
the cell elongates