Acids & Bases
is a substance with a PH of 3 acid or base?
It is a acid because PH is less than 7
What does concentration measure in a solution?
The amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent (or solution)
What happens when an acid reacts with a base?
They neutralize each other, forming water and a salt.
What is molar mass?
The mass of 1 mole of a substance, usually in grams per mole (g/mol).
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If a solution has a pH of 8, is it an acid, base, or neutral?
Base (anything above 7 is a base)
If you dissolve more solute into the same amount of water, does the concentration increase or decrease?
Increase.
A solution has a pH of 7. Is it acidic, basic, or neutral?
Neutral (pH 7 is neutral).
What is the molar mass of H₂O? (H = 1 g/mol, O = 16 g/mol)
H₂O → (2 × 1) + (1 × 16) = 18 g/mol
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Which has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺):
a solution with pH 2 or a solution with pH 6?
pH 2.
(Lower pH = more H⁺ ions.)
What is the formula for molarity?
Molarity (M) = moles of solute ÷ liters of solution
What is the pH range for acids? What about bases?
Acids: pH less than 7
Bases: pH greater than 7
How many grams are in 2 moles of CO₂? (C = 12 g/mol, O = 16 g/mol)
CO₂ molar mass = 12 + (16 × 2) = 44 g/mol
2 moles × 44 g/mol = 88 g
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If you mix an acid and a base together and they neutralize each other, what two things are formed?
Water and a salt
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2 moles of NaCl in 4 liters of water?
M = 2 moles ÷ 4 L
M = 0.5 M
If a solution has a pH of 3, what is its approximate concentration of hydrogen ions [H⁺] in moles per liter?
0.001 M
How many moles are in 90 grams of H₂O?
Moles = mass ÷ molar mass
Moles = 90 ÷ 18 = 5 moles
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If one solution has a pH of 4 and another has a pH of 2, how many times more acidic is the pH 2 solution?
100 times more acidic.
You have 1 liter of a 2.0 M solution. You add 1 liter of water. What is the new concentration?
Answer:
When volume doubles, concentration is cut in half.
New concentration = 1.0 M
You mix 50 mL of 0.2 M HCl with 50 mL of 0.2 M NaOH. What is the pH of the resulting solution?
HCl and NaOH neutralize each other perfectly (same moles of acid and base).
Resulting solution is neutral, pH = 7.
What is the mass of 0.25 moles of NaCl? (Na = 23 g/mol, Cl = 35.5 g/mol)
Molar mass NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol
Mass = moles × molar mass = 0.25 × 58.5 = 14.625 g (~14.63 g)
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