Neurological Disorders
Triggered by the child becoming angry or stressed after not getting his way; can occur as a reflexive response to fear, pain or being startled
What is breath holding?
Disorder characterized by rapid growth of retinal blood vessels in the premature infant.
What is retinopathy of prematurity?
Congenital anomaly. The foot resembles the head of a golf club. Half of all cases occur bilaterally. Most commonly seen in males.
What is congenital clubfoot?
Monitor H&H due to large volumes of blood loss, pain management, hemorrhage, fever, infection, and swelling following surgery.
What is craniosynostosis?
Educate family regarding aspirin in many OTC products. Early recognition and treatment is the most important aspect of management.
What is Reye Syndrome?
Results from underlying brain disorders. Imbalance in the production and absorption of CSF. CSF accumulates within the ventricular system and causes the ventricles to enlarge and increase in ICP to occur.
What is hydrocephalus?
Presence of fluid within the middle ear space without signs or symptoms of infection. Tympanic membrane appears dull and opaque; may be white, gray or bluish.
What is otitis media with effusion?
Acute necrosis of the femoral head.
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
Fever control. Safety. Parental reassurance regarding benign nature of disorder. Educate family when to call MD or go to ER.
What is febrile seizure?
Avoid cotton swabs, headphones and earbuds. Use earplugs when swimming. Promote ear canal dryness.
What is Otitis Externa?
Frequent cause of death and disability in children.
What is head trauma?
May be infectious, allergic, or chemical in nature. Common signs & symptoms include redness, edema, tearing, discharge, eye pain and itching.
What is conjunctivitis?
The spinal cord ends at the point of the defect resulting in absent motor and sensory function beyond that point. Severe neural tube defect.
What is myelomeningocele?
No treatment available. Supportive care. Family education to help handle deficits and impairments.
What is microcephaly?
Involuntary act - don't intervene to stop them. Safe environment. Structure and consistency to avoid unnecessary frustration and over tiredness may help. don't reinforce the behavior or give in to the child.
What is breath holding?
Defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres, skull and scalp. Not compatible with life.
What is anencephaly?
Opacity of the lens of the eye that is present at birth. Leading cause of vision impairment and legal blindness in young children.
What is congenital cataract?
A group of inherited conditions that result in progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Primarily the skeletal muscles.
What is muscular dystrophy?
Droplet isolation until 24 hours of antibiotics completed. Postexposure prophylaxis for anyone in close contact. Goal is to reduce ICP and maintain cerebral perfusion, treat fluid volume deficit, control seizures, prevent injury from altered level of consciousness or seizure activity.
What is bacterial meningitis?
Children need meaningful education programs that emphasize independence in the least restrictive educational environment. Children under 3 should be referred to early intervention services. Frequent hospitalizations and surgeries can place a strain on families and finances. Encourage respite care.
What is cerebral palsy?
Second leading cause of unintentional injury-related death in children between the ages of 1 and 14.
What is near-drowning?
Seen in infant and young children due to short length and horizontal positioning of the Eustachian tubes. Tympanic membrane will look dull or opaque and is bulging and may be red. Pus may be visible behind the eardrum. Drainage in the canal may be present if rupture occurred.
What is acute otitis media?
Range of nonspecific clinical symptoms characterized by abnormal motor pattern and postures caused by nonprogressive abnormal brain function. Higher occurrence with preemie and low birth weight infants.
What is cerebral palsy?
Clean eye frequently with a moist cloth. Massage to help it open and allow drainage to occur. Educate parents about when and how to apply antibiotic eye drops if ordered.
What is nasolacrimal duct obstruction?
Positioning, preventing infection, feeding, promoting urinary elimination through clean, intermittent catheterization, prevent latex allergies. Identify signs and symptoms of of complications such as increased ICP.
What is myelomeningocele?