Social Determinants of Health
What is a social determinant of health?
Non-medical factors that influence health outcomes.
These include factors like economic stability, education, social support, access to healthcare, etc.
What are common mental health disorders among adolescents?
Anxiety disorders, depression, ADHD
What educational programs can be designed to help the Karim family understand the Canadian healthcare system and their rights as patients?
Provide information and resources, make sure it is multilingual, Individualized patient education about the Canadian healthcare system, Discuss with the family about their rights as patient to help them advocate for themselves
Why did the Karim family decide to immigrate to Canada? Why do most families decide to move to Canada?
Better opportunities (jobs, education) and efficient lifestyle
What financial barrier is affecting the Karim family's healthcare access?
The high cost of medications and difficulty accessing affordable healthcare.
What are some signs that someone may be developing an anxiety disorder?
excessive worrying, trembling, trouble sleeping, restlessness, panic attacks
Why is Hassan having difficulty finding a family doctor?
Long wait times and confusion navigating the Canadian healthcare system.
In what ways might the cultural differences between India and Canada affect how the Karim family communicates and resolves conflicts?
Communication style, conflict resolution, cultural norms, stress and coping
How might cultural differences affect Ayesha's social integration in Canada?
Cultural differences make it harder for Ayesha to connect with peers, leading to feelings of isolation.
What is the difference between panic attack and anxiety attack?
Panic Attack: Sudden episode of intense fear or discomfort that triggers severe physical reaction when there is no real danger or apparent cause.
Anxiety Attack: The period of heightened anxiety that may build gradually overtime and turn into chronic anxiety, where they start experiencing panic attacks
Considering Raj and Ayesha’s conditions, what medication might be prescribed, and what are their intended effects?
Raj - Inhalers (short acting and long acting antagonists). Helps open up airways.
Ayesha - Antidepressant like SSRIS and SNRIS
What might be the reason for Raj's asthma living in India?
Poor air conditions, allergies, genetics
What are some challenges Raj and Ayesha might face when adapting to a brand new education system?
Language barriers, lack of support system, making friends
Considering Ayesha’s feelings of isolation, what interventions can be introduced to ensure she receives the support she needs?
Emotional support, open discussion, youth support groups, resource workshop
What is one way a nurse can support Raj in managing his asthma?
Educate Hassan on managing his asthma, monitor his medications, and refer him to affordable healthcare services.
What is main role of a community nurse?
Community health nurses are responsible for managing the health and welfare of both people and groups within their communities.
How does immigration status contribute to the social challenges the Karim Family faces?
As immigrants, the family faces barriers such as unfamiliarity with the Canadian healthcare system, language barriers, and potential discrimination.
What non-medical interventions can be implemented to help Ayesha manage and alleviate her panic attacks, and how can these strategies be integrated into her daily routine to promote long-term coping skills?
Breathing techniques, Meditation, Physical activities, Grounding techniques that include identifying five things she can see to help distract her from the panic attack, Journaling helps her identify what triggers the panic attack.
What are the key differences between SSRIs and benzodiazepines in terms of their mechanisms of action, indications for use, side effects, risk of dependence, and suitability for long-term treatment
SSRIS: Increase serotonin levels in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake in neurons, which helps improve mood and reduce anxiety over time.
-Primarily used to treat depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD.
-Common side effects include nausea, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and increased sweating.
- Generally have a low risk of dependence, but sudden discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms (discontinuation syndrome).
-Often used for long-term management of anxiety and depression without significant risk of addiction
Benzodiazepines: Enhance the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA, leading to sedative, anti-anxiety , and muscle-relaxant effects.
-Commonly prescribed for acute anxiety relief, panic attacks, insomnia, muscle spasms, and as pre-medication for medical procedures.
-May cause drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, impaired coordination, and risk of respiratory depression.
- Have a higher risk of developing tolerance and dependence, especially with long-term use.
-Withdrawal can be severe.
-Not recommended for long-term use due to the risk of dependence typically used for short-term or as-needed treatment.
How might cultural attitudes toward substance use in India differ from those in Canada and how does this affect the Karim family's response to Ayesha's actions?
India - Stigma prevents getting mental health support. Those who abuse drugs are more likely to commit crimes and are unemployed.
Canada - There are many available resources on the risks and harms of substance use. Additionally, there is a growing awareness and acceptance of the relationship between substance use and mental health.
Because of the stigma associated with Ayesha's substance use, the family may find it difficult to access support and resources. Given how negatively Indian society views substance use, accepting her actions may be very difficult for them.