SSI Migrants
What does SSI stand for?
South Sea Islanders?
What event brought Chinese migrants to Australia in the 1850s?
The Gold Rush
Name one disease that had a devastating impact on First Nations peoples after colonisation.
Smallpox, influenza, tuberculosis
Approximately how long have First Nations peoples lived in Australia?
At least 60,000 years
In what year did Australia federate?
1901
Which Queensland industry relied heavily on South Sea Islander labour?
The sugar industry
Name one type of work Chinese migrants did besides gold mining
Shop keepers, Laundry, general labour, farming
What does dispossession mean?
Being forced from or losing control of land without agreement, treaty or compensation
Who was Pemulwuy?
An Eora resistance leader who fought British colonisation
What did Federation do to the six Australian colonies?
Joined them together as one nation/Commonwealth
What was blackbirding?
Kidnapping or deceiving Pacific Islanders into coming to Australia for labour purposes
What was the Yellow Peril?
Racist fear that Asian/Chinese migration threatened white Australia
Give three impacts colonisation had on First Nations peoples.
E.g. disease, dispossession, frontier conflict, cultural loss, forcible removal of children
What happened at Myall Creek in 1838?
28 Aboriginal people (mainly women, children and the elderly) were massacred by stockmen
Name one reason the Australian colonies wanted to federate.
Defence / trade and tariffs / transport / nationalism / immigration
How did employers treat South Sea Islanders despite being valuable to th economy?
Employers relied on their labour but paid them poorly/subjected them to harsh conditions and discrimination
How did political cartoons help reinforce anti-Chinese sentiment?
They used stereotypes, symbols and caricatures to portray Chinese migrants negatively/threateningly
Why did introduced diseases have such a severe impact on First Nations communities?
They had little/no immunity to many introduced diseases, causing widespread deaths and community disruption
What were two different perspectives of Pemelwuey
Defender/resistance leader vs threat to settlers and colonial expansion
What was the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 designed to do?
Restrict non-European immigration to Australia
What happened to many South Sea Islanders following the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901?
They were forcibly deported from Australia, particularly from 1906–08
Explain the connection between terra nullius and dispossession. →
Britain treated the land as belonging to no one, did not recognise First Nations ownership and took control without agreement or compensation
Why was the punishment following the Myall Creek Massacre historically significant?
It was the first time Europeans had been punished for crimes against Indigenous people
What was the dictation test, and how was it used?
A 50-word test in a European language chosen by an officer, used to exclude unwanted/non-European migrants