Opiods
In opioids what are the three major receptor types?
- MU
- Kappa
- Delta
What receptor does propofol affect?
GABA
Between the free or bound molecules of propofol which is able to induce anesthesia and why?
Free/unbound; they can cross the BBB
What type of pain is morphine effective for?
visceral and somatic
How does alfaxalone differ from propofol in terms of cardiovascular effects?
minimal depression and may increase HR
Most opioids have a _______ duration with the exception of BUprenorphine and MOrphine in horses.
short
T or F: Propofol is highly lipid soluble.
True
What happens when you give propofol to a hypoproteinemic patient, and why?
potency increased and exaggerated effects; there's less protein to bind to, causing more molecules able to cross the BBB
Which opioid is least likely to cause adverse effects?
Buprenorphine
During IV induction how is the agent given?
to effect
With the use of a high doses of opioids in dogs what can occur?
narcosis
What kind of onset and duration does propofol have?
rapid onset and short duration
T or F: propofol provides analgesia
False
Why is it difficult to reverse the effects of opioids with antagonists?
due to their high affinity for the receptor
Because of the rapid induction time, what kind of inhaled anesthetic is required for mask induction?
ones with a low blood-gas solubility coefficient
What is the effect of opioids on the CNS for dogs, cats, horses, and ruminants?
Dogs- sedation
Cats, horses, ruminants- CNS stimulation (excitement, increased motor activity, or dysphoria)
How soes most of a dose of propofol travel?
via blood bound to a plasma protein
What effects are you likely to see in an animal that was not pre-medicated when you give propofol?
transient excitement/muscle trmors
Does Etomidate cross the placental barrier?
Yes, but it's rapidly eliminated, causing very little neonatal respiratory depression
Why is mask induction considered to be safer for some critical patients?
have the ability to change anesthetic depth/adjust settings quickly
Opioids tend to decrease ventilation, which does what in return?
increases CO2 in blood which increases pressures
what types of propoful are able to cross the BBB?
unbound/free molecules
What types of patients would be a great choice for the use of Etomidate?
brain trauma or undergoing brain or spinal surgery, moderate to severe heart disease or shock, undergoing a c-section
Why is etomidate not a good CRI?
causes a decrease in the level of cortisol for several hours, which leads to it not being able to be repeated
IM induction doses are generally _____ the corresponding IV dose.
2 times