Abdomen
What does the internal anatomy consist of?
-peritoneum, mesenteries, viscera (solid & hollow), greater omentum, spleen, aorta, pancreas, kidneys, costovetebral angle
What are the 4 groups of the axillary nodes?
-central axillary, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), lateral
What are the structures?
-arteries (temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial)
-Veins (jugular, arms (superficial vs deep), legs (superficial vs deep)
What is the etiology of arterial occulision?
atherosclerosis causes decreased blood flow
less oxygen & nutrients
what are the developmental competences of the breast area
milk lines, supernumerary nipple, puberty changes, gynecomastia, pregnancy, lactating
key items to inspect for during the abdomen assessment
-contour, symmetry, umbilicus, color, scars, pulsation/movement
What is the purple highlighted risk for breast cancer on the slide...
Age
What does the lymphatic system consist of
-hydrostatic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure, right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, cervical nodes, axillary nodes, epitrochlear nodes, inguinal nodes
what is the etiology of aneurysms?
dilation of artery wall causing a weakened area that has ballooned out
atherosclerosis weakens the walls its stretched out and the bp changes from it because the balloon enlargement
what are the structure and function of the breast
pectoralis major, serratus anterior muscle, axillary tail of spencer, nipple, areola, Montgomery glands, adipose tissue, glandular tissue
Items to do prior to abdominal assessment...
-empty bladder, warm room, supine position with knees bent, warm stethoscope and hands, painful areas, muscle relaxation, assess demeanor
what do you inspect on the breast
-skin, general appearance, lymphatic drainage area, nipple, maneuvers to screen for retraction
What is the chronic insufficency (arterial) and (venous)
-arterial- ischemic
-venous (stasis)
what is the risk factor of arterial occlusions?
obesity, smoking, elevated cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, family hx of hyperlipidemia
Where do you ausculatate the bowel sounds? What are you looking for?
RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
hyperactive, hypoactive, normoactive, absent, & vascular sounds
-appetite, dysphagia, food intolerance, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, bowel habits, past abdominal history, medications, nutritional assessment, groceries, preparing meals, eat with others or alone, last 24 hour recall, trouble swallowing foods, bowel movement schedule, medications for bowel movements
questions to ask about breasts and yea
-breast pain, lumps, discharge, rash, swelling, trauma, history of breast disease, surgery/radiation, medication, patient centered care, axillar, preadolescent, menopausal women
questions to ask...
-leg pain/cramps, skin changes on arms/legs, swelling in arms/legs, lymph node enlargement, medications, smoking history
aorta/men
What are you assessing during percussion of the abdomen?
-assess for density of abdominal contents
-asess for abnormal fluid
-assess for massess
-constovetebral angle
What/how do you palpate during the abdominal assessment
-light palpation, deep palpation, liver, spleen, aorta, inguinal lymph nodes, femoral pulse
What do you palpate on the breast
-axillae bilaterally (4 directions), supine position w/towel under side to be assessed, arm over head and medial, pads of fingers in circular motion over all breast tissue, palpate the nipple, concerns for large breasts, self located lumps
-location, size, shape, consistency, movable, distinctness, nipple, skin over lump, tenderness, lymphadenopathy
What are the symptoms of a neuropathic ulcer?
numbness, tingling, pain, weakness, loss of balance, falling, allodynia, decreased reflexes, loss of proprioception, loss of warm/cold sensation, poor blood flow, cold feet
what are the age related changes in the breast area: men and women
hormonal changes, fat tissue decreases, axillary hair decreases
men: gynecomastia
What are you inspecting during an abdomen assessment?
-contour, symmetry, umbilicus, color, scars, pulsation/movement