Immune System
Which cells make antibodies that mark foreign invaders for destruction?
B cells
True or false: All vaccines are designed for the same diseases and age groups.
False
What THREE diseases does Tdap protect against?
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis
Which Tdap disease is also called “whooping cough”?
Pertussis
True or false: Tdap contains live tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis bacteria.
False
What two types of immune cells can become memory cells?
B cells and T cells
What vaccine ingredient helps strengthen the body's response to a vaccine?
An adjuvant
What type of vaccine is Tdap?
A combination booster vaccine
Which of the three Tdap diseases does NOT spread person-to-person?
Tetanus
Which Tdap disease would be the greatest concern around a young baby, based on what you learned?
Pertussis
What is the difference between the general and adaptive immune responses?
The general response is fast/nonspecific; the adaptive response recognizes specific germs.
Why are stabilizers added to some vaccines?
To keep the vaccine effective after manufacturing
Around what age do you receive Tdap according to our presentation?
11–12 years old
Which disease can form a thick membrane in the throat that can block the airway?
Diphtheria
Why might getting Tdap help someone other than you?
It can reduce your risk of passing disease to someone else
Fever and inflammation are part of which immune response?
General response.
Formaldehyde may be used during vaccine manufacturing for what purpose?
To kill viruses or inactivate toxins.
Tdap protects against tetanus and diphtheria using an inactivated form of WHAT?
Their toxins (toxoids)
A person develops painful muscle stiffness and “lockjaw” after bacteria enter through a wound. Which disease is it?
Tetanus
You get a vaccine, and months later you encounter the pathogen. Which responds faster: your immune system's first response to the vaccine or its response when it recognizes the pathogen again?
The later response to the pathogen
B cells and T cells have different roles in the adaptive immune response. What does each do?
B cells make antibodies and T cells destroy infected cells
Why can a vaccine help protect you later without requiring you to first experience the full disease?
It exposes the immune system to antigens, allowing an immune response and memory cells to form.
Tdap doesn't contain whole live pertussis bacteria. What DOES it contain for pertussis?
Purified, inactivated/acellular components (antigens) of Bordetella pertussis
A patient has uncontrollable coughing fits, difficulty breathing, vomiting, and exhaustion. What disease is most likely responsible, AND what bacterium causes it?
Pertussis; Bordetella pertussis
Tetanus doesn't spread person-to-person. Does that mean you can't get it if everyone around you is healthy? Briefly explain why.
No. Tetanus bacteria can enter through contaminated cuts or wounds.