Cell Cycle & Mitosis
In which phase does DNA replicate?
S phase
The idea that organisms with advantageous traits are better suited to survive, reproduce and pass on traits is referred to as...
Natural selection.
What does a nucleus do?
It directs the cell, the brain of the operations.
DNA to DNA
Adenine (A) matches with __________?
Cytosine (C) matches with __________?
Adenine (A) matches with Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) matches with Guanine (G)
Long ears (E) is dominant over short ears in dogs. What genotype(s) represents the recessive trait?
ee
Name the phases of interphase in order
G1, S, and G2
If a bag has 0.4 M of sucrose solution and the outside is 0 M, where will water flow?
* On the board there is an image.
Water will flow into the bag, a hypotonic solution.
What does a ribosome do?
Synthesizes proteins. (Make proteins)
What are the 4 things that make up the structure of DNA
A = Sugar (Deoxyribose)
B = Phosphate group
C = Nitrogenous Base
D = Nucleotide
Brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur. What is the parent cross if a homozygous dominant parent is crossed with a heterozygous parent?
Homozygous dominant = BB
Heterozygous = Bb
Parent Cross:
BB X Bb
In which phase does the cell divide?
Mitosis
If a bag has 0.4 M of sucrose solution and the outside is 0.4 M, where will water flow?
* On the board there is an image.
Water will flow both ways, isotonic solution.
Organisms with a nucleus in their cells are known as...
Eukaryotes
What part of DNA determines unique traits/characteristics?
Nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G)
Long ears are dominant over short ears in dogs. If a pure-blood long eared dog mated with a short ear. What percentage of their kids will have short ears?
0 %
Cell division occurs during what stage?
Cytokinesis
If a bag has 0.4 M of sucrose solution and the outside is 2 M, where will water flow?
* On the board there is an image.
It will flow out of the bag to the outside, a hypertonic solution.
What does the cell wall do?
It provides extra structure, support, and shape to the cell.
The process of using a strand of DNA to synthesize a strand of mRNA is known as...
Transcription
If brown fur is dominant over white fur. Two heterozygous parents are crossed, what percentage of their offspring will have brown fur?
75%
Can you generalize what happens in each of these phases:
1. G1
2. S
3. G2
4. Mitosis
1. G1 = Cell growth; organelles doubled
2. S = DNA replicated/duplicated/copied
3. G2 = Cell growth; Preparing for Mitosis (checkpoints)
4. Mitosis = PMAT = Cell nucleus divides
What are the 5 mechanisms of Evolution?
1. Natural Selection
2. Artificial Selection/Non-random mating
3. Gene Flow
4. Genetic Drift
5. Mutation
What does the chloroplast do?
If a plant did not have chloroplasts, what would happen?
Chloroplasts make food/sugar for the plant through photosynthesis.
No chloroplasts = No photosynthesis = Starvation + death
Original:
TTA AAT GGC
Mutation:
TTA ATG GCC
What type of mutation is this?
Deletion
**A was deleted
Sickle-cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disease. If a parent afflicted with sickle cell anemia has a child with another individual who is a carrier. How likely is it that their child will have sickle-cell anemia?
Parent cross: aa x Aa
50%