CH.11
Henry Grady, the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, used this two-word phrase to describe a region rebuilding toward a brighter future based on industry rather than just farming
What is the "New South"?
This was the name of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s home in Warm Springs, Georgia, where he frequently visited for polio therapy
What is the Little White House?
This infamous date in 1941 saw the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, drawing the United States into World War I
What is December 7, 1941
This mechanical tool, which replaced teams of farmhands and horses, led to the industrialization of Georgia's farms
What is the tractor?
He delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech during the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?
He was the first person from Georgia to be elected President of the United States
Who is Jimmy Carter?
This powerful trio of Democratic leaders—Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon—pushed Georgia to become more self-sufficient and attracted Northern investors
Who is the Bourbon Triumvirate?
This destructive insect first appeared in Georgia in 1915 and effectively ended the "King Cotton" era by devouring the larvae of the plants
What is the boll weevil?
These three world leaders—Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin—were collectively known by this powerful nickname
Who are the "Big Three"?
This farming system, a way of life for poor Georgians since the Civil War, died out as machines replaced manual labor
What is sharecropping (or tenant farming)
This long-serving Georgia congressman was a leader of SNCC and was beaten on the Edmund Pettus Bridge during the event known as "Bloody Sunday"
Who is John Lewis?
In 1973, he became the first African American to serve as the mayor of a major Southern city
Who is Maynard Jackson?
Between 1881 and 1895, Atlanta hosted three of these industrial fairs to spotlight the state’s textile industry and attract Northern bankers
What are the International Cotton Expositions?
Of the many military facilities in Georgia during WWI, this Atlanta-based fort trained more than 230,000 U.S. soldiers
What is Fort Gordon?
This fictional character appeared on government propaganda posters to encourage American women to enter the workforce and support the war effort
Who is Rosie the Riveter?
Mayor William B. Hartsfield is credited with locating this major facility at an abandoned racetrack in 1925, which later became one of the world's busiest
What is Atlanta’s first airport?
This controversial Georgia governor first gained national notoriety for brandishing axe handles to prevent the desegregation of his Pickrick Cafeteria
Who is Lester Maddox?
This Atlanta-based home improvement giant was founded by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank to put all DIY supplies under one roof
What is The Home Depot?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision established the "separate, but equal" doctrine, making segregation legal throughout the United States
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This specific New Deal legislation paid farmers a "subsidy" to plant fewer crops like cotton and tobacco to drive up market prices
What is the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?
Passed in March 1941, this legislative act allowed the U.S. to provide weapons and supplies to Allied nations while technically remaining neutral
What is the Lend-Lease Act?
Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. brought these three professional sports franchises to Atlanta between 1966 and 1968
What are the Braves, Falcons, and Hawks?
Founded in 1960 at Shaw University with help from Ella Baker, this student-led organization was a key participant in the Freedom Rides and voter registration drives
What is the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
This 21-acre downtown oasis was created for the 1996 Olympics and remained a permanent landmark despite a domestic terrorist attack during the games
What is Centennial Olympic Park?
In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, this leader argued that Black Americans should focus on economic self-improvement and vocational education rather than immediate social equality
Who is Booker T. Washington?
This specific year was so devastatingly dry for Georgia agriculture that it became known as "the year you could walk across the Chattahoochee River"
What is 1925?
Located in Marietta, Georgia, the Bell Bomber Plant produced more than 600 of this specific type of aircraft during the war
What is the B-29 (or B-29 bomber)?
Mayor Hartsfield famously promoted Atlanta as a progressive city using this five-word slogan
What is "The city too busy to hate"?
Beginning in the fall of 1961, this was the first mass movement in the modern civil rights era to attempt the desegregation of an entire community
What is the Albany Movement?
This world-famous beverage was invented by pharmacist John Pemberton in 1886 and later turned into a global brand by Asa Candler
What is Coca-Cola?
This 1896 piece of legislation, championed by Populist leader Tom Watson, required free daily mail delivery to farmers living in rural areas
What is the Rural Free Delivery Bill
Driven by poor agricultural conditions and high racial tensions in the 1920s, this mass movement saw thousands of African Americans leave Georgia for Northern cities like Chicago and Detroit
What is the Great Migration?
This Georgia representative, who served in the House for over 50 years, was nicknamed "the Admiral" because of his tireless advocacy for a strong U.S. Navy
Who is Carl Vinson?
This 1945 federal court case successfully challenged and ended Georgia's "white primary" system
What is King v. Chapman?
This 1960 commission, headed by an Atlanta lawyer and banker, was charged with gathering public sentiment across Georgia regarding the potential closing of public schools to avoid desegregation
What is the Sibley Commission?
This Georgian served as a U.S. Congressman and UN Ambassador before succeeding Maynard Jackson as Mayor of Atlanta in 1981
Who is Andrew Young?
This civil rights leader and Harvard graduate opposed the "Atlanta Compromise" and founded the NAACP to demand full political and social rights immediately
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
Before this New Deal agency offered low-interest loans to cooperatives in 1935, a staggering 97 percent of Georgia farms lacked this modern utility
What is electricity (or the Rural Electrification Administration)?
To meet the demand for transport vessels, shipyards in Savannah and Brunswick built these large, inexpensive ships, which President Roosevelt called "ugly ducklings"
What are Liberty ships?
By 1976, the rural-urban divide had flipped, with this percentage of Georgians living in or near cities
What is 60 percent?
This Albany police chief defeated the Albany Movement's tactics by practicing a form of nonviolence, making mass arrests without brutality, and distributing prisoners to jails in surrounding counties
Who is Laurie Pritchett?
This Georgia port is the third-busiest container port in the nation and recently underwent a seven-year expansion to accommodate "mega-size" ships
What is the Savannah deepwater port?
Born into slavery, this entrepreneur opened a successful barbershop and founded the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, eventually becoming the city's wealthiest Black citizen
Who is Alonzo Herndon?
This Georgia governor and outspoken critic of the New Deal famously vetoed legislation for Social Security and opposed programs that paid Black and white workers equal wage
Who is Eugene Talmadge?
This Black regiment, originally stationed at Fort Benning, became the first African American unit to fight in WWII, inspiring their motto "First to Fight!"
What is the 24th Infantry?
This transportation system, developed during Ivan Allen Jr.’s administration, was designed to connect locations within the city via rail
What is MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority)?
Following the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., this man—who had been a close associate since the Montgomery bus boycott—succeeded him as president of the SCLC
Who is Ralph David Abernathy?
This major airline actually began as a 1920s Louisiana crop-dusting business designed to fight boll weevils
What is Delta Air Lines?
In 1986, the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles granted a posthumous pardon to this Jewish factory superintendent who was lynched in 1915 for a crime he did not commit
Who is Leo Frank
This was the major consequence faced by all white colleges in Georgia after Governor Talmadge fired two professors who supported racial integration
What is losing their accreditation (from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools)?
This was a new type of troop first deployed by the US during WW2
What is the paratrooper.
During the "Three Governors Controversy," this progressive governor initially refused to leave office, wanting to ensure a lieutenant governor took over instead of Herman Talmadge
Who is Ellis Arnall?
The Sibley Commission recommended a solution for school districts, which allowed boards to determine their own desegregation status and helped avoid a total shutdown of the state's school system
What is the "local option"?
To ensure the federal government helped improve educational opportunities, President Jimmy Carter created this cabinet-level department
What is the Department of Education?
To bypass federal discrimination laws, Georgia Democrats used this specific type of election to ban Black citizens from voting, claiming their political party was a "private group"
What is the White Primary
To meet the demand for food for soldiers overseas, many Georgia farmers famously converted their acreage from cotton to these two specific types of produce, leading to the rise of commercial canning factories in the state
What are sweet potatoes and peaches
This Georgia politician and Senator led a five-man team to investigate global military installations under combat conditions, a tour that was integral to developing post-war policy
Who is Richard B. Russell Jr.?
Though he lost a special election in 1948, the Georgia Supreme Court briefly ruled this man the legal governor in 1947
Who is Melvin Thompson?
In 1966, this man succeeded John Lewis as the chairman of SNCC, leading the organization away from nonviolence toward a philosophy of "Black Power" and racial separatism
Who is Stokely Carmichael?
Seeking to bolster the state's economy, this then-governor established the Georgia Film Commission in 1973
Who is Jimmy Carter?