Show:
Spanish/Mexican Period
Mexican American War/Gold Rush
1930s-1960s
Riots
1965-Present
100
List two pros and two cons of the missions.
Pros: Supplied needed goods in early CA commerce. Offered guiding principles through religion. Fed/clothed/cared for Indians. Cons: Enslaved/beat/raped Indians; sought to convert and control other human beings in order to gain authority over the territory.
100
What year was Texas officially annexed to the U.S.?
1845
100
During the 20s and 30s, the population of LA more than doubled. List 4 reasons to explain the sudden growth.
Railroads connected to LA An aqueduct took water from Owens Valley Oil was discovered and CA became the leading producer Cotton became a leading export 2,000 miles of concrete paved roads Fishing, fruit and veggie canneries Aviation research and manufacturing industries Hollywood industry boomed
100
What were several causes of the Zoot Suit Riots? When did they take place? Where?
1940s Los Angeles Los Angeles experienced an unprecedented population explosion. Midwesterners, African Americans, and Dust Bowl migrants were all competing for jobs. Sleepy Lagoon Murder Trial cast the idea the Latinos were brutally violent. Navy soldiers attacked hundreds of Latinos, largely targeting those who wore the Zoot Suits, but anyone of color was in danger.
100
List 8 requirements to become a U.S. citizen.
Complete form N-400, get passport photos Speak English Know the history Be a good person Reside in the U.S. for 5 years with a visa/3 years with a visa and marrying a native Pay a fine for the application and fingerprinting Interview Take the naturalization test Take the oath of allegiance
200
Who founded the majority of the CA missions? What decade of what century were they first built?
Father Junipero Serra 1770s
200
Give two reasons the U.S. felt justified in going to war. Give two reasons supporters of Mexico felt the U.S. was not justified in going to war.
1. The border was established at the Rio Grande and -Mexican troops opened fire on Texan land. The Mexican government was weak, inefficient and amidst civil war; therefore, they were did not deserve the right to govern the land and its people. The U.S. previously offered 30 million to buy Mexico, a generous offer. 2. Abolitionists feared Polk and southerners only supported the acquisition of Texas as a slave state to dominate and offset the northern slave-free states. Mexican troops were merely defending their country, whose border had been recognized at the Nueces river, from armed trespassers with ill intentions of harming their people, and stealing possessions. Polk and other congressmen had a selfish agenda of expanding to the Pacific a decade before they ever offered to buy the land for 30 million, which is a paltry offer for such a vast, beautiful country.
200
1. In the 1930s, thousands of Latinos were deported from the U.S. Why did this happen? 2. What was particularly inhumane/illegal about it?
1. Dust Bowl migrants, and poor CA natives wanted to take their place and feared Mexicans dominated the farming industry while driving down wages. 2. Many of the people who were deported were American citizens, or had visas. Some were paid to take the bus back to Mexico, while others were simply forced off of their property in a matter of hours.
200
What year did the Watts Riots occur? What were 3 causes of the Watts Riots?
1965 Freeways boxed minorities in and made it difficult to find convenient public transportation. Real estate and employment discrimination. White flight to the suburbs abandons blacks in cities with not economic opportunity. Violent abuse and neglect from police. Discrimination, burning crosses, vandalism aimed at people of color. Businesses in the Watts neighborhood sold bad produce, for expensive prices, and did not employ the residents of the area. Marcus Frye was stopped and treated unfairly by a police officer (he may or may not have been drunk, and may or may not have also struck the police officer--rumors fly)
200
How many estimated undocumented immigrants reside in the united states? List at least 2 taxes these immigrants pay into.
11-12 million Sales, social security, property According to the New York Times, undocumented immigrants pay up to $7 billion in federal, state, and local income taxes because they have fake IDs or fraudulent social security numbers.
300
What major factor grew the economy during the Mexican Period?
The Mexican government opened the territory up to international trade, profiting mostly from cow hide, tallow, and candles.
300
What rights did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo grant for the U.S.?
Mexico would relinquish territory of Alta California and New Mexico in exchange for 15 million. Mexico had to declare the Rio Grande as the border.
300
1. What year was the Bracero Program created? 2. What was its purpose? What terms did the U.S. and Mexican government agree upon to ensure fair treatment? 3. List 3 problems that arose during the program.
1. 1942: 2. To allow Mexicans to temporarily work on American farms. To provide a steady stream of labor during the wartime emergency.Food and housing, transportation, minimum wage, health care 3. These obligations were repeatedly circumvented. Braceros, as a temporary, contract labor force, undercut the collective bargaining power of other field workers and were used to break strikes. They were forced to work excessively long hours in the blazing heat with dull tools that caused many injuries.
300
Name five groups that protested unequal pay, unequal opportunity, and housing discrimination.
Women/Secretaries Native Americans Asians African Americans/Black Panthers Mexican laborers/Chicanos/La Raza
300
List 4 features of the comprehensive immigration reform bill proposed by the Gang of Eight congressmen.
1. Increased border security, more personnel, longer fence, cameras, etc. 2. The Dream Act: pathway for undocumented immigrants to become citizens and receive education. 3. An expanded and improved employment verification system for all employers to confirm employee work authorization. 4. Improved work visa options for low-skill workers including an agricultural worker program. 5. Business immigration system reforms, focusing on reducing current visa backlogs and fast tracking permanent residence for U.S. university immigrant graduates with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering or math also known as the STEM fields.
400
How did new settlers use the CA Land Act to drive Mexican rancheros off their land?
The Land Act required rancheros to supply documentation of their boundaries (which they often did not have), and made the court process so lengthy and expensive that the rancheros were forced off their property.
400
What years did the Gold Rush thrive? Who were the most skilled miners? Aside from the miners, who struck it rich? How much money did miners extract from the gold?
1848-49 Women and storeowners Mexicans $2oo million/$2 billion today
400
Describe the Japanese Internment. What happened? When? Why?
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, in 1942 over 120,000 Japanese (over 60% of which were American citizens) were incarcerated for nearly 2 years because many feared they could be Japanese spies and loyalists to Japan.
400
What originally caused the Berkeley Riots? What officially ended the riots?
The Freedom of Speech movement started when UC Berkeley sent a letter to the student political groups telling them that they could no longer use the plaza at Bancroft and Telegraph to solicit support for "off campus political and social action." The students formed several strikes, leading to more than 800 student arrests. -Police seized the People's Park and sprayed hundreds of protesters with gas.
400
Name 4 factors which led to prison growth, the school to prison pipeline, and overpopulated prisons in California.
1. From 1982 to 2000, California's prison population increased 500% due to the war on drugs. The state of California built 23 new prisons. Prison growth led to job growth. 2. Schools created a zero tolerance policy. More student expulsions means more youth are joining gangs. 3. California's 3 strike system gave many prisoners long term sentences for felonies, but some minor crimes like petty theft/shoplifting were considered felonies. First and second strikes are counted as individual charges, instead of individual cases, so a criminal could get two strikes form one crime scene.
500
Make bullet points that describe the Bear Flag Revolt. When, where, what was the outcome?
1846 Sonoma Explorer John C. Fremont arrived to Sutter's Fort with a corp of soldiers and persuaded people to join a militia and rebel against the Mexican Gov't; they declared CA an independent republic. The republic was short-lived because soon after the Bear Flag was raised, the U.S. military began occupying California, which went on to join the union in 1850.
500
What were the terms of the foreign miner's tax? Which two ethnic groups was it designed to target? Which foreigners did the tax exclude? When was the Chinese Exclusion Act passed?
Required foreigners to pay $20 per year to mine, which was usually more than the value of the gold they found. Eventually the tax was reduced to $4, which was still too expensive. Latinos refused to pay it and many left CA. Chinese and Latinos Europeans 1882
500
Describe Cesar Chavez, and the factors which led to his major accomplishment.
He was a Mexican American who organized labor strikes and gained the right to have a union for farm workers. In 1965, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a mostly Filipino union, went on strike when the Delano grape growers cut the pay rates during the harvest. Chavez asked his organization to join the strike, and quickly became its leader. The pressure of his non-violent strikes was irresistible, and in 1969 the Delano growers signed historic contracts with the United Farmworkers Organizing Committee, which would later become the United Farmworkers Union (UFW). Many of his strikers lost their homes, cars, and jobs in the process.
500
What year did the second round of major riots happen in CA? What specific action prompted the riots? Describe the extent of the riots (effects, damage, deaths).
1992 Police officers were acquitted of the videotaped brutal beating of Rodney King. Looting, arson, civil disturbance, 53 people died, 2,000 injured, Government called in the National Guard to stop the warfare, 3,767 buildings were burned and the riots cost over 1 billion in damage.
500
Name at least two factors for the increase of highly skilled immigrants coming to CA from 1965 to present. We have not discussed all factors in class, so you may have to use your outside knowledge.
-Immigration Act of 1965 welcomed highly skilled immigrants, especially from Asia. -Silicon Valley and the dot-com boom. -The extensive California State University system is the largest university system in the U.S., in addition to hundreds of other private universities in CA.