River Valley Civilizations
Unified people, provided legitimacy for the government, and justified the social hierarchy.
What did religion do for early river valley civilizations?
Divine Origin
Why governments or rulers were considered legitimate?
The Pyramids
What is Ancient Egypt's example of Monumental Architecture?
This law system had different punishment's for people depending on their social class. For example: an eye for an eye, but if it was a slaves eye you would only pay half the slave's value.
What is The Code of Hammurabi?
The desire for more land and resources
Why Empires expanded in the Classical Period?
Access to water and fertile soil
Why the first cities were located by a river valley?
[One] ceremony was a famous horse sacrifice, in which a specially selected horse was permitted to wander at will, tracked by a body of soldiers; the area through which the horse wandered unchallenged was claimed by the chief or king conducting the sacrifice.
What is an example of a religious ritual?
Egypt's rulers or Pharos were believed to be divine (Gods) themselves.
How did Egyptian Rulers used religion to legitimize their rule?
Trade and the need to keep records.
Why was writing invented?
People that do not share the same culture or religion.
What are ethnically diverse people?
Irrigation ditches, roads, and sewers
What are three examples of infrastructure?
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
What are the Abrahamic Religions?
Scribes who kept records, accounted for taxes, and managed public works.
Who were the class of bureaucrats in Ancient Egypt?
The Tigris and Euphrates.
Declaring a group uncivilized and conquering them in order to bring them to an alleged higher level of sophistication.
What is the pretext empires used to conquer?
Top: Leader
Middle: Intermediate Elites & Bureaucrats
Bottom: the Masses
What is a Social Hirearchy?
The four main varnas emerged from his body (God Brahma). The Brahmin--priests-- came from his mouth, the Kshatriya--warriors--from his arms, the Vaishya--merchants from his thighs--and the Sudra--commoners--from his feet.
How did the Vedas explain their hierarchy?
Deserts to the East and West of the Nile River, and Mountains to the South.
What are the Natural Barriers of Ancient Egypt?
The Code of Hammurabi was thought to be of divine origin.
Why were Mesopotamians less likely to question the law?
Usually large states created by conquest, ruled by an emperor, and containing multi-ethnic populations.
What are empires in the Classical Period?