Blue Baby Basics
Tetralogy of Fallot Defects
Diagnosis & Imaging
Management & Treatment
Adult Complications
100
This congenital heart disease causes cyanosis due to right-to-left shunting.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
100
Tetralogy of Fallot has this number of classic defects.
What is four?
100
This imaging finding on chest X-ray is classic for Tetralogy of Fallot.
What is a boot-shaped heart?
100
The definitive treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot is this.
What is surgical repair?
100
Adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot commonly develop dysfunction of this valve.
What is the pulmonary valve?
200
Cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot is worsened during crying because this is decreased.
What is systemic vascular resistance?
200
The four defects of Tetralogy of Fallot are remembered using this mnemonic.
What is PROVe?
(Pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy, Overriding aorta, VSD)
200
The gold standard diagnostic test for Tetralogy of Fallot is this imaging modality.
What is echocardiography?
200
Tet spells are initially treated by placing the child in this position.
Tet spells are initially treated by placing the child in this position.
200
Raymond Hunt developed this complication decades after repair.
What is pulmonary regurgitation?
300
Chronic hypoxia in Tetralogy of Fallot leads to increased production of this growth factor.
What is erythropoietin?
300
This defect is considered the primary abnormality driving Tetralogy of Fallot physiology.
What is pulmonary stenosis?
300
Raymond Hunt’s CBC showed elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit, indicating this condition.
What is secondary polycythemia?
300
During corrective surgery, this defect is typically closed with a patch.
What is ventricular septal defect?
300
Pulmonary regurgitation leads to dilation of this heart chamber.
What is the right ventricle?
400
In Tetralogy of Fallot, decreased pulmonary blood flow leads to this classic heart sound finding.
What is a single S2?
400
Right ventricular hypertrophy in Tetralogy of Fallot develops secondary to this physiologic change.
What is increased right ventricular pressure?
400
The ECG in Tetralogy of Fallot commonly shows this ventricular abnormality.
The ECG in Tetralogy of Fallot commonly shows this ventricular abnormality.
400
Raymond Hunt’s repair included placement of this to relieve RV outflow obstruction.
What is a trans-annular patch?
400
Raymond Hunt ultimately underwent this minimally invasive procedure.
What is transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR)?
500
Squatting improves cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot because it increases this and reduces right-to-left shunting.
What is systemic vascular resistance?
500
Tetralogy of Fallot results from abnormal development of this embryologic structure.
What is the conotruncal septum (neural crest cells)?
or infundibular septum
500
Decreased pulmonary vascular markings on chest X-ray occur because of reduced blood flow to this structure.
What are the lungs (pulmonary vasculature)?
500
This medication may be used during tet spells to reduce infundibular spasm.
What are beta blockers (ex: propranolol)?
500
A diastolic murmur that increases with inspiration suggests pathology of this side of the heart.
What is the right side of the heart?