Testing Statistics
Scores that are expressed in their raw, original form without any statistical treatment or mathematical manipulation.
What are raw scores?
A base word or meaningful unit in the terminology of structural linguistics; the smallest unit of meaning.
What is a morpheme?
The German professor who, in 1877, became the very first person to use the term "word blindness" to describe reading failure.
Who was Adolf Kusmaul?
This 1066 invasion removed England's native ruling class, introduced a French-speaking monarchy, and fundamentally transformed the English language.
What was the Norman Conquest?
Given normal vision: the ability to recognize and interrupt the information taken in through the eye
What is the visual processing?
The exact percentage of scores in a specific distribution that fall completely below the point where a given score lies.
What is a percentile?
A word that can stand completely alone and serves as the structural foundation to which affixes are attached.
What is a base word?
The ophthalmologist who coined the actual term "dyslexia" in 1887 to replace the phrase "word blindness."
Who was Dr. Rudolf Berlin?
This layer of English features common, everyday, down-to-earth words focused on daily life, most of which are only one syllable.
What is the Anglo-Saxon layer (or Old English)?
Given normal hearing: the ability to understand spoken language in a meaningful way
What is the auditory processing?
A mathematical measure of the spread or dispersion of data points around the mean; a larger number means scores are widely spread out.
What is standard deviation?
An affix attached to the end of a word to show its grammatical use, tense, number, or comparative status.
What is a suffix?
In 1896, this English doctor wrote the first medical article documenting a clear case of "word blindness" in children.
Who was Dr. W. Pringle Morgan?
This layer of English is heavily found in literature, social studies, and upper-elementary texts, using longer, more formal words.
What is the Latin layer or Middle English?
The sensory experience of actively gathering tactile information through the tips of your fingers.
What is tactile processing?
A type of derived score such that the distribution of htese scores for a specific population has convenient known values fore the mean and the standard deviation
What are standard scores?
A brand-new word created from an existing base word by adding one or more prefixes or suffixes to it.
What is a derivative?
This Scottish eye specialist reported two cases of "congenital word blindness" in 1904 and demanded that schools screen children for it.
Who was James Hinshelwood?
This layer is characterized by specialized scientific terminology where word parts function as combining forms to build compound words.
What is the Greek layer?
The physical learning modality that involves whole-body movement, large muscle memory, and active spatial awareness.
What is kinesthetic learning?
A derived score calculated specifically to show the exact age of an average person who earns that same score within a tested population.
What is an age equivalent score?
The precise study of how morphemes (prefixes, roots, and suffixes) are combined structurally into complex words.
What is morphology?
Coined by Samuel Orton in 1925, this medical phrase literally translates to "twisted symbols" and was used to describe letter reversals.
What is strephosymbolia?
This major historical shift in long vowel pronunciation took place as printing presses were standardizing English, causing our modern spelling quirks.
What is the Great Vowel Shift?
This specific instructional concept requires a teacher to utilize all learning pathways in the brain simultaneously to cement memory.
What is simultaneous teaching?