The more you know
What is the primary difference between a RAW file and a JPEG file? Please explain why would someone use one or the other file format, and what the advantages and disadvantages to each are.
Shooting: When an image is captured in a digital camera, it is recorded as raw data. If the camera format is set to JPEG, this raw data is processed and compressed before it is saved in the JPEG format.
Editing: Can’t do as much, not as many details to mess with as a JPEG
Printing/ POST: Not as high of a quality, JPEGS can not print as large
What is the difference between Motion Blur and Camera Shake? How can you avoid camera shake?
Motion blur is a photographic technique used to portray a sense of movement or speed.
Camera shake, on the other hand, is the unintentional blurring of an image when a photographer accidentally moves the camera while taking a photograph.
What are four things that control exposure?
Light , Aperture , Shutter Speed, and ISO
What is Noise? How does it occur?
And what would you do to reduce it?
Noise: visual distortion, random variations of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.
Lower the ISO
Occurs when the ISO is too high and there is artificial light entering the camera
What is an Exposure? Please define in your own language.
In photography, exposure is the amount of light per unit area reaching a frame of photographic film or the surface of an electronic image sensor, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture, and light.
What determines the amount of blue and yellow in a photograph’s light when trying to achieve perfect white balance?
Color Temperature
I attended my cousin’s track-and-field meet on a cloudy Saturday morning. I wanted to get photos of her running and leaping, but all my pictures turned out blurry. Why would they be blurry if my camera shutter is set to 1/30?
The shutter speed is too slow to stop her motion in its place by hand.
APERTURE: Please list the WHOLE STOPS associated with this exposure function. We discussed 10 of the most common stops in class for this function.
F1 , 1.4, 2. , 2.8 , 4 , 5.6 , 8, 11, 16, 22
ISO
Please list the WHOLE STOPS associated with this exposure function.
12800, 6400, 3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, 50
I want to upload my photographs of my Class friends to my Tumblr blog or Facebook page. Which type of file would I opt for, in order to upload successfully to the website? What color space should I consider using?
What ppI? Why?
JPEG: An ISO/ITU standard for compressing still images.
sRGB: stands for standard red, green, blue. It’s the color space used on the internet, most computer monitors and mobile devices.
640x480 ppi: don't need any bigger because of the monitor/phone that will be viewing the images
Give the full name of the six colors in the photographic color wheel:
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green
SHUTTER SPEED
Please list the WHOLE STOPS associated with this exposure function.
1” , 1/2 , 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30 , 1/60, 1/125, 1/250
1/500, 1/1000, 1/2000
You are on a float at a parade, and out in the city you can see all these people and other floats and giant balloon-people and fire trucks and babies and buildings - it’s a busy parade day! What would be the most ideal focal length to use in order to capture as much as possible with a wide angle of view?
18mm
When would you use a high IS0? What is a potential problem associated with using a high ISO?
When there isn’t enough light for example at night and trying to capture a fast or moving image
Potential issues with detail, printing and noise showing up in the image
What is the difference between bracketing and reciprocity?
Bracketing is simply bringing the light meter to “At Meter” then subtract one stop of light to underexpose and adding one stop of light to “At Meter” to overexpose (testing the camera for accuracy)
Reciprocity refers to the relationship whereby the total light energy - proportional to the total exposure, the product of the light intensity and exposure time, controlled by aperture and shutter speed, respectively - determines the effect of the light on the film
Which elements demand attention in a photograph?
A. Triangles
B. Faces
C. Text
D. Highlights
E. All of the above
ALL OF THE ABOVE
If you were to walk into a camera store and a salesperson were to say to you “Do you want a Fastlens?” What are they referring to with this colloquialism exactly? What makes a lens "fast"?
A fast lens offers a wide aperture, and a wide aperture lets in more light – so you can capture well-exposed photos while using a faster shutter speed (compared to a slower lens, where you’ll need to reduce the shutter speed to get well-exposed photos, all else being equal).
This is invaluable when shooting handheld or moving subjects in low light. On a fast lens, you can widen the aperture to f/2.8, then dial in a motion-freezing shutter speed.
Example of Fast Lenses: The fastest lenses in general production now are f/1.2 or f/1.4, with more at f/1.8 and f/2.0, and many at f/2.8 or slower.
If someone asked you: “What was your depth of field?” on a particular image, what would they be referring to exactly? What is depth of field ? What three things are used to control depth of field? Please explain in your own language.
the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image.
The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, and aperture.
Use reciprocity to find an appropriate and equivalent exposure setting with whole stops only.
You are shooting landscapes at night but you forgot your tripod.
At-Zero = ƒ2@1/500@ISO50
Answer: F22 @ 1/60 @ ISO 800
Why: Great Depth of Field , no Tripod so has to be 1/60 or faster and no more than 800 ISO
You’re at the summit of Mount Everest and you are excited to capture the mountain ranges off in the distance.
Your camera says: f5.6 @ 1/1000 @ISO 400
Give an exposure that would give you all of the detail deep into the landscape scene, you (weirdly) brought a tripod with you on this life threatening (and life affirming) famous hike.
F22 @1/8 @ ISO 50
The most detail possible
I'm having weird dreams that I'm a famous jewel thief ... and I have my camera with me. I want to take a picture of this jewel I stole from the museum heist I just pulled. I want the jewel to stand out but I have to photograph it on my old ratty couch- I hate the pattern, so I would like to photograph it in a way to ensure that the couch will be out of focus but the jewel will be sharp and in focus.
Your camera says: f16 @ 1/4 @ ISO 400
What could I shoot at that has the right amount of light but would give me the look I want? The alarms were going off at the museum and I dropped my tripod somewhere along the way ... so no tripod for this photo either.
F1 @ 1/125 @ ISO 50
While attending the Falcons game, you want to capture your favorite player running for an 80-yard touchdown!
Your camera says: f11 @ 1/30 @ ISO 100
Give an exposure that would give you the best possible motion stop because this is a fast-paced game. Oh no! You forgot your tripod ... bummer.
F4 @ 1/1000 @ ISO 400 for the BEST
F4 @ 1/2000 @ ISO 800 2nd Best
You've been practicing your Halloween makeup all day on your best friend and you want to photograph the detail in their skin, hair, and eyelashes so that you can show off your skills online.
Your camera says: F11 @ 1/30 @ ISO 1600
Give an exposure that would best suit your needs, you have no tripod unfortunately.
f4 @ 1/60 @ISO 400
You're meeting your buddies at a dimly lit coffee shop to study for an upcoming exam. Luckily you brought your camera and want to photograph your friend drinking espresso.
Your camera says: F4 @ 1" @ ISO 100
Give an exposure so that would work better hand holding a camera in the dark. It's a small coffee shop and there's a sign on the front door that says "NO Tripods" ... weird
F 1.4 @ 1/60 ISO 800
What is The AOV ?
What is Normal AOV? When would you us it?
What is Wide AOV? When would you us it?
What is Telephoto AOV Body? When would you us it?
Angle-of-View:The AOV is a measurement (in degrees) of how much of a scene can be viewed through the lens. The AOV can be measured horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
Normal AOV: 50mm - wanting the normal view scene by the eye
Wide AOV: 20mm - scenes where you want to capture as much as possible. Landscapes, cityscapes, and architecture are the main categories that use a wide angle lens.
Telephoto AOV Body: 135 MM - 600 mm : portraits, weddings/events, and more artistic experimental photography. increases focal length. It's most commonly used to show far away objects with accurate perspective and with a level of precise detail that was once only possible with close-range photography. A wide angle lens expands the horizontal scope of a camera shot.Sep