Reasons for Confederation
Key Contributors to Confederation
Name That Thing
Past and Present
Numbered Treaties
100
What is the federal union or joining of provinces and territories to become a country called? OR, what was it called when Canada became a country?
Confederation
100
Who was the first Prime Minister and leader in Canada's confederation?
Sir John A. MacDonald
100
What are basic governing principles (or basic rules) for running an organization or country called?
Constitution
100
What are tariffs?
The extra fee put on foreign goods or services.
(any reasonable definition of tariffs are acceptable)
100
How many numbered treaties are there?
11 in total
200
Who was NOT consulted (asked for their opinion) on confederation?
The Indigenous peoples of North America were not consulted.
200
Who should have had a much larger part to play in Confederation, but was not given a chance?
Indigenous peoples of North America!!! (First Nations is also acceptable)
200
This is the act made by the British Crown, which acknowledges that the North American lands belong to Indigenous people, and that the British will protect these lands from new settlers coming in.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
(Royal Proclamation is also OK)
200
Which were the first four provinces to become Canada?
Canada East (or Quebec), Canada West (or Ontario), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
200
What years were the numbered treaties made between?
The treaties were made between 1871 and 1921
300
Why would confederation help stop the Americans from invading again? (Fear of Invasion)
If the provinces are united, they have more troops and a stronger army to defend if the Americans attack again.
300
What were the 36 men who helped confederation happen called, collectively?
(collectively = as a group)
The Fathers of Confederation
300
This is an act made by the Canadian government to determine whether or not someone is First Nations.
The Indian Act
300
Property is very expensive today, and many people buy it for investment or a place to live. What did Canada want more land for back in the 1800s? (at least two reasons)
- to get natural resources (for using and selling)
- for more housing and building cities
- for better trading routes
(any two reasons listed here)
300
Which two parties were all numbered treaties made between? In other words, which two groups signed each numbered treaty?
The Canadian government and different groups of Indigenous peoples were involved in each numbered treaty.
400
Why did Great Britain want Canada's confederation?
Britain didn't want to keep Canada as a colony anymore, because it wasn't worth their resources anymore. If Canada became independent, Britain would no longer have to look after them.
400
Name one Mother of Confederation and how they were related to a Father of Confederation. You must name both their relationship and the Father they were related to.
- Anne Brown = wife of George Brown
- Mercy Anne Coles = daughter of George Coles (premier of PEI)
- Luce Cuvillier = romantic partner of George-Etienne Cartier
- Lady Agnes Macdonald = wife of Sir John A Macdonald
400
This is the act that was signed on July 1st, 1867, that declared Canada an independent country.
The British North America Act of 1867
(British North America Act is also OK)
400
Today, which two of Canada's industries are most affected by the US tariffs?
1. Oil industry (90% of our oil is exported to the US)
2. Automotive industry (the biggest industry in Ontario)
400
What was Canada's motivation behind making all of these treaties?
They wanted more land out west, which was owned by different First Nations groups. These treaties were made so that the Canadian government could own that land.
500
Why would confederation help with building a railway across Canada?
Individually, each province did not have enough money and had trouble maintaining financial stability. Together, they would be able to better coordinate their efforts and money.
(must mention money/finance and why working together is better)
500
Name one Mother of Confederation and how they helped Confederation.
- Anne Brown = influenced her husband's worldview and advised him
- Mercy Anne Coles = kept journal entries on all Fathers of Confederation and their interactions
- Luce Cuvillier = influenced Cartier and was familiar with business
- Lady Agnes Macdonald = used sign language during conferences, wrote about politics and used her influence to advocate for women's rights
500
These are the names of two conferences that occurred without any First Nations representatives, to discuss the terms of confederation.
In other words, these two conferences were held to discuss how and why provinces should join to become Canada.
The Charlottetown and Quebec Conferences
(both must be mentioned)
500
Trump is putting tariffs on Canada to discourage trade between the US and Canada, and to encourage Americans to "buy local". What historical event was this similar to, and how did it encourage confederation?
In 1865 (date not necessary) the US cancelled a treaty (Reciprocity Treaty) which originally let the British colonies trade with Americans with very low taxes. This encouraged the British colonies to trade with each other instead, and was a driving factor for confederation.
(mention cancelling a treaty and trading within the colonies instead)
500
In each numbered treaty, different things were promised to each First Nations group. What were two things that First Nations people were promised in most treaties (and did not actually get)?
ANY TWO of the below:
- reserve lands (lands saved just for the First Nations people)
- rights to hunt, fish and trap on all lands
- various goods (food, tools, resources)
- financial help
- help with agriculture