Geography Skills
What is the name of the horizontal line at 0° latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
Equator
What is the capital of British Columbia?
Victoria
Treaty 6 was signed in 1876 near Fort Carlton and Fort Pitt. True or False?
True
Name two Canadian cities mentioned in the guide that have very large nearby populations and act as major population centres
Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver
What is deforestation?
Cutting down or clearing large areas of trees
Lines of longitude measure distance east or west from which meridian?
The Prime Meridian.
Which province has Regina as its capital?
Saskatchewan
Under Treaty 6, what was promised to be kept at the home of the government agent for First Nations (related to health care)?
A medicine chest (health care).
What are three common reasons people move to cities
Jobs, education, health care, transportation
Name two reasons why people cut down trees.
To make room for farms and buildings.
To get wood for homes and other products.
To get firewood.
To make room for roads and businesses.
If a location is at 60°N, 110°W, which country listed in the study guide is it most likely to be in?
Canada
Match the capital to the province: Charlottetown — _______.
Prince Edward Island
Give two reasons First Nations leaders wanted treaties
Buffalo were disappearing (food shortage); European settlers moving into the area (pressure on land)
Name and explain two types of polluation.
Air pollution: Smoke and harmful gases dirty the air.
Noise pollution: Loud sounds disturb people and animals.
Water pollution: Garbage and harmful chemicals dirty lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Land pollution: Litter and waste harm the land.
Name two fossil fuels.
Oil, coal, natural gas
Explain briefly how map projections like the Mercator and Gall-Peters differ in what they show (size vs. shape).
Mercator preserves direction and shape for navigation but exaggerates sizes near poles; Gall-Peters preserves relative area (size) but distorts shape.
Name the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador
St. John's
Explain in 1–2 sentences what is meant by “Treaty 6 is a living agreement.”
It means the promises and responsibilities are intended to continue and be relevant today — the treaty’s terms are ongoing. 500 — First Nations often saw treaties as agreements to share the land and live together
Name two disadvantages of overpopulations.
Not enough clean water.
More garbage and sewage.
More sickness when water is dirty.
Too much farming on the same land.
Damage to soil and farmland.
Burning fossil fuels releases gases that warm Earth. What does this cause?
Climate change
Describe one way you would use latitude and longitude to find a city on a map; include which values change when you move north vs. east.
Use latitude (north/south) and longitude (east/west); moving north changes latitude, moving east changes longitude. (Accept descriptions of finding coordinates on a map
List the three territories of Canada and give the capital city for each.
Yukon — Whitehorse; Northwest Territories — Yellowknife; Nunavut — Iqaluit.
Describe one difference in how First Nations and the government often understood treaties
First Nations often saw treaties as agreements to share the land and live together; the government often treated land as something to own and control.
What are two reasons the population of some circumpolar countries is declining?
The weather can be very cold.
Some places are far away from other communities.
Food, supplies, and travel can cost a lot.
There may be fewer jobs and services.
Name effects of climate change.
More extreme weather, such as heat waves and some powerful storms.
Rising sea levels.
Melting ice in the Arctic and Antarctic.
Warmer oceans and changes to ocean water.