PATHO
T or F: Cancer cells can destroy normal tissue, steal nutrition, create their own blood vessels, and survive under anoxic or acidotic conditions?
True
What is the most common adverse effect of receiving radiation therapy?
Fatigue
At what age should a woman begin annual breast cancer screening?
45-54 years
T or F: Pain medications need to be administered around the clock for a lung cancer patient.
TRUE- Chest pain can increase respiratory effort and increase anxiety.
What is the #1 cancer killer in the US?
Lung Cancer
What are 2 hallmark characteristics of cancer?
Uncontrolled cell growth and altered cell differentiation
Common symptom for patients experiencing Superior Vena Cava syndrome?
Dyspnea
The primary method of obtaining samples required to determine the presence of malignancy?
Biopsy
What is the main sign and symptom of Prostate Cancer?
Weak Stream or Difficulty Urinating
Ionizing radiation, benzene, HPV, sun exposure, and tobacco are called _____ which is a risk factor for cancer.
Carcinogens
What is the process in which cancer cells are able to replicate and expand into malignant tumors elsewhere in the body?
Metastasis
What is a complication of chemotherapy that is related to massive cell death and is usually seen in Leukemia, Lymphoma, & Multiple Myeloma?
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
A form of therapy used to shrink a tumor prior to its removal.
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Common clinical signs of breast cancer?
Breast mass
Axillary node enlargement
Asynchrony of breasts
Nipple discharge
What level prevention initiative includes: risk factor modification, immunization & chemoprevention?
Primary Prevention
Which are the two genes associated with breast cancer?
BRCA-1 & BRCA-2
What is of most concern for patients receiving angioplastic medications through the IV route?
Extraversion
What is one of the most common side effects of Antineoplastic Medication therapy?
Alopecia
Flank pain, hematuria, and weight loss are common signs and symptoms for what cancer?
Kidney Cancer
What are some cancer prevention measures?
Avoid exposure to known carcinogens
Wear sunscreen every day
Prevent/treat infectious disease linked to cancer
Maintain a healthy weight
Engage in physical activity
Healthy, plant based diet
Limit alcohol consumption
Recognize family risks (screening)
What do cancer cells lack that allow them to continue growing and reproducing when they come into contact with other cells?
Contact inhibition
After removal of the lymph nodes in a patient with breast cancer, the patient is at risk for what complication?
Lymphedema due to disruption of lymph drainage.
List 2 types of cancers that are the most curable in the early stages
breast, cervix, colon, kidney, oropharynx, skin, testicles, uterus
List the 7 warning signs of cancer.
C: Change in bowel/bladder habits
A: A sore throat that doesn't heal
U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
T: Thickening or lump in body
I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O: Obvious change in wart or mole
N: Nagging cough or hoarseness
What are the three components when it comes to staging a solid malignancy?
T- Tumor Size
N- Number of lymph nodes affected
M- the presence of metastases