Risk Factors
What causes 80% of all lung cancer deaths?
Smoking
Cancer cells lack _______ which will allow them to continue to divide and invaded surrounding tissues and organs.
contact inhibition
What does the staging system use to classify solid tumor by?
Size and degree of spread
An accurate identification of cancer can be made only by a _____.
Biopsy
What hormone puts women more at risk for developing cancer?
Estrogen
Inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
What does T1, T2, T3, and T4 tell us?
size and or extent of the primary tumor
What labs are used to determine the severity and treatment plan for cancer?
Tumor markers
What vitamins at a low level increase the risk of lung, esophageal, breast, laryngeal, mouth, and cervical cancer?
Vitamin A, C, and E
Chemotherapy is chemical therapy that uses ________ medications to treat cancer.
Cytotoxic
How does a patient present who has been diagnosed with N2 lymph node status?
Nodes feel swollen and lumpy
What types of cancer does the marker CA 125 indicate?
Ovarian, cervical, liver, and pancreatic
CAUTION
The period when the cell counts are the lowest is called what?
Nadir
What type of tumor staging is this?
T2, N1, MO
Tumor size 2-5 cm
A surgeon can feel swollen nodes
No distant metastasis
Why is bone marrow aspiration done?
To get the number, size, and shape of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. This is a major tool used to diagnose leukemia.
The Epstein-Barr virus puts you at risk for what types of cancer?
Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, stomach cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer
These medications cause blistering of tissues that eventually lead to necrosis if they infiltrate (leak out of the blood vessel and into soft tissue)
Vesicant
Name this staging
Tumor size >5cm
Swollen nodes located near the collarbone
Tested nodes show cancer cells or micrometastasis
T3, N3, MI
What is camera imaging of organs or tissues contain radioactive media?
Nuclear imaging