Definitions
A constellation of diseases involving malignant (unregulated) transformation of cells within a specific body system
Normal cells anchor to either neighboring cells or basements cells in order to "plug into" a nutrient rich extracellular matrix to remain viable.
What is anchorage dependence
C
What is change in bowel or bladder habits
Primary Prevention includes these three categories
What are risk factor modification, immunization, and chemoprevention
This is defined as localized delivery of ionizing radiation to intentionally destroy DNA structures within malignant cells and induce cell death
What is radiation therapy
Internal or external exposures that predispose individuals to DNA destruction, resulting in cellular mutation that may ultimately lead to malignant transformation of cells.
What is a carcinogen
Uncontrolled cell growth where cells vary in size, shape and organization. This can be a risk factor in healthy persons, but it is not synonymous with cancer
What is dysplasia
A
What is a sore that does not heal
Secondary Prevention is based on this
What is cancer screening for early detection and management of the disease
This type of therapy can be designed to deliver a planned dosage of radiation and is divided into fractions.
What is external beam radiation
Initiation and promotion of cancer, involves a series of other molecular changes that occur after exposure to carcinogens.
What is carcinogenesis
Uncontrolled cell proliferation. There are benign types of these, as well
What are neoplasms
U
What is unusual bleeding or discharge
Tertiary prevention focuses on these two topics
What are reducing morbidity and mortality once a disease has been diagnosed and treatment and management of side effects of cancer or its treatment
This is defined as radioactive "seeds" that are either infused via a catheter or surgically implanted. This allows for continuous delivery of low-dose radiation.
What is brachytherapy
Normal cells are regulated by this. The cells stop growing and reproducing when they come into contact with other cells.
What is contact inhibition
This occurs when a cell loses expected structure and function.
What is anaplasia
T
What is thickening or lump in the breast or any other part of the body
This lab test is ordered to screen for prostate cancer
What is the prostate specific antigen (PSA)
This is the preferred cancer treatment modality because it offers the greatest probability of producing a cancer-free state.
What is surgical treatment
Programmed cell death
What is apoptosis
Spread of disease thru cell to cell, lymphatic or hematological means is called?
What is metastasis
N
Some cancers are believed to be triggered by a viral exposure. We can recommend this for prevention of such cancers
What are immunizations
Administering chemotherapy is done only by licensed individuals. What is the major issue while administering chemotherapy that the nurse should be continuouly assessing for?
What is extravasation