Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complication
Prognosis
100

Name 2 predisposing dog breeds for AP

Miniature schnauzer, miniature poodle, Yorkshire terrier, dachshunds, poodles, cocker spaniels, Alaskan malamutes...

100

Name 3 common CBC/Chemistry/UA findings expected in AP dogs and why?

Increased PCV, TP
Non-regenerative anemia
Inflammatory leukogram
Thrombocytopenia
Hypoalbuminemia
Azotemia
Elevated liver enzymes
Hyperbilirubinemia
Hypocalcemia (total/ionised)
Cylinduria
Proteinuria 

100

What is the mainstay treatment for AP? 

Supportive care: hydration, nutrition, GI support, analgesics

100

Which endocrinopathy can be seen as a complication secondary to severe/ recurrent pancreatitis 

Diabetes mellitus

200

Name 2 endocrinopathies that are reported as risk factors for AP

Cushing's disease, Hypothyroidism, Diabetes mellitus

200

Name 3 ultrasonographic findings that could be seen in AP dogs. 

pancreatic enlargement, altered pancreatic echogenicity, or hyperechoic mesentery

sensitivity ~70%

200

Is antibiotic indicated?

No. usually sterile inflammation.
- suspected pancreatic abscessation
- bacterial translocation from GIT

200

What are the 2 top differentials for a dog with a previous history of severe pancreatitis presented for chronic weight loss? 

- Chronic pancreatitis
- EPI 

300

Name a lipid disorder that could cause AP

Hypertriglyceridemia 

300

How to interpret a negative and a positive snapCPL result? 

Positive - indicate of AP. Consider other supportive evidence. Can verify with a spec CPL
Negative - rule out AP

300

What is the consensus on glucocorticoid use for AP patients?

Currently no consensus. 

One clinical trial has proved its efficacy. Used anti-inflammatory dose when P fails to improve with supportive care in >3 days, severe inflammation, or with the constricted cost of care

300

What are the diagnostic criteria for SIRS?

SIRS:
Temp <100 or >104
Heart rate >140
Respiratory rate >40
WBC <6 or >19

300

What is the reported mortality rate for canine AP?
0-30%, 30-60%, 60-80%, 80-100%

30-60%

400

Name 3 medication/drug that could cause AP

L-asparaginase; AED (KBr, PB); Azathioprine; exogenous steroid (questionable); organophosphate;

400

Name 2 other concurrent diseases that could influence spec cPL concentration? 

- Renal dysfunction: not directly related to GFR, more complex mechanism but currently unclear
- Heart disease: MMVD, the severity of CHF (hypoperfusion)
- Endocrinopathies: DM, HAC

400

What are the treatment options for severe hyperbilirubinemia secondary to severe AP. 

- TPE
- Biliary decompression: centesis, cholecystoenterostomy, or choledochal tube stenting (rarely indicated and carried substantial risk)

400

Name 2 criteria to diagnose EHBO

- Hyperbilirubinemia
- ultrasonographic evidence of bile duct dilatation (common bile duct diameter greater than 3 mm)

400

What is the reported survival rate with EHBO secondary to AP?
30%, 50%, 80%, 98%

80% survival rate, good

- 94% survived with medical management alone. 

500

What is the specific form of CP in English Cocker Spaniel

Autoimmune pancreatitis IgG4-related diseases
- IgG4-positive plasma cells in multiple tissues
- KCS, xerostomia, proteinuria, and other immune-mediated disorders

500

Does a normal pancreatic biopsy result rule out pancreatitis?

No. Because the disease has a patchy distribution

500

Name the new drug that recently is FDA conditionally approved 

Fuzapladib

Leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) inhibitor that prevents extravasation of neutrophils into tissue

500

What adverse neurological effect can be seen with severe hyperbilirubinemia

- Kernicterus: neurologial damage secondary to bilirubin deposition in the gray matter of the brain (secondary to severe hyperbilirubinemia) Presented for obtudation, seizure
- Pancreatic encephalopathy