New Areas of Hell
What circle do Dante and Virgil enter at the start of Canto 7
The Fourth Circle
What sound does Dante hear from the souls pushing weights?
Loud crashing, straining, and shouting
What repetitive action are the souls performing with the heavy weights?
Pushing and crashing them in a circle
What sin did the souls pushing weights commit in life?
Greed (Avarice and Prodigality)
What wolf-like demon guards the Fourth Circle?
Plutus
What river/swamp do they reach at the end of the Fourth Circle?
The River Styx
What is the environment like around the River Styx?
Filthy, muddy, dark swamp water
What are the souls in the swamp doing to each other?
Fighting and attacking each other
What sin are the souls fighting in the swamp guilty of?
Wrath
Who ferries Dante and Virgil across the River Styx?
What city marks the entrance into Lower Hell?
The City of Dis
What does Dante see glowing from inside the city’s towers?
Red Flames
What are some souls doing beneath the surface of the swamp? — Gurgling in silent suffering
Gurgling in silent suffering
Who are the souls lying silently beneath the mud?
The Sullen
Which angry sinner does Dante speak to in the swamp?
Filippo Argenti
What area do they enter after the gates of the city are opened?
The Sixth Circle
What frightening figures does Dante see on the city walls?
The Furies and Medusa
What is happening inside the burning tombs in Canto 9?
Souls are trapped inside fiery graves
What sin do the souls in the burning tombs represent?
Heresy
What mythological figures threaten Dante outside the city gates?
The Furies and Medusa
What major division of Hell begins at the City of Dis?
Lower Hell
What does the landscape look like once they enter the city?
A field of burning tombs
Why do the souls’ punishments involve pointless, endless actions?
The punishment reflects the sin (contrapasso)
What principle explains why the punishments match the sins?
Contrapasso
Who arrives to open the gates of the city when the demons refuse entry?
A heavenly messenger (an angel)